Vol 12 (2023): МАТЕРИАЛЫ VI ВСЕРОССИЙСКОЙ СТУДЕНЧЕСКОЙ НАУЧНОЙ КОНФЕРЕНЦИИ С МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫМ УЧАСТИЕМ «БЕРЕЧЬ И РАЗВИВАТЬ БЛАГОРОДНЫЕ ТРАДИЦИИ МЕДИЦИНЫ»: ВЕРНОСТЬ ПРОФЕССИИ В ИСТОРИИ МОЕЙ СТРАНЫ

This article discusses the issue of medical dynasties of leading universities in Russia. The author presents several examples of such dynasties and discusses their important role in the development of medicine and science in general. Thanks to dynasties, medicine is becoming more and more developed and perfect, which makes it possible to take better care of people's health and increase their life expectancy. The article is aimed at a wide audience interested in medicine and the history of its development in Russia.

Relevance of the research. A variety of historical studies focus on the heroic life and professional activity of Soviet doctors during the Great Patriotic war. The life path and achievements of every medical professional are unique. It seems relevant to popularize the heroic acts of healthcare workers in the period of the Great Patriotic War. Student research activities in this area are a necessary part of the moral training of the younger generation, especially future physicians and nurses.

Aim of the research. The article aims at studying the feat of an outstanding woman – Doctor Neskoromnykh Varvara Nikitichna, who worked in the Belgorod Region during wartime.

Research methods and materials. The research is based on the memories of the descendants of Doctor Varvara Neskoromnykh, аs well as articles from scientific collections devoted to the history of medicine of the Great Patriotic War. Analytical and descriptive methods were used.

Results. During the Great Patriotic War, a patriot doctor Neskoromnykh saved many lives. and was awarded the "Victory over Germany" medal. After the war, she set out to restore the Kaliningrad Region. She was a very kind and open-minded person.

Conclusion. Varvara Nikitichna lived a decent life, created a family, took two children into care, ran the hospital in the town of Nemanja, and led an active social life. She was honoured and respected by her colleagues and patients.

The article tells about the history of the creation, formation and development of the pediatric faculty at the North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov. Information about the dean is given. The main directions of activity and goals of the faculty are noted. From this article you can learn about the features of the new pediatric faculty.

This article is dedicated to the memory of the feat of the foreman of the medical service Zinaida Mikhailovna Tusnolobova, who, during her eight months at the front, saved and carried out more than one hundred and twenty soldiers from the battlefield. It should be noted that more than once doctors had to take up arms, protecting the lives of the wounded entrusted to them. Undoubtedly, the mass heroism and patriotism of the Soviet soldiers will never fade in the memory of the people, who, in a deadly battle with fascism, showed unparalleled courage, contempt for death, and an unbending will to win. For her heroism and courage, Zinaida Mikhailovna was awarded the title "Hero of the Soviet Union" on December 6, 1957. In 1965, the International Committee of the Red Cross awarded her the Florence Nightingale Medal. She became the third Soviet nurse to receive this award. She was also awarded the Orders of Lenin, the Red Banner and the Red Star. The memory of the Great Patriotic War is not only a tribute to the past, it is inextricably linked with the present and the future, it is necessary for our youth as the greatest moral guide, as support in any life trials.

This article is devoted to great people with the willpower that helped them become a strong personality. On the way of becoming they did not think of failures, about failures, obstacles that could prevent them, because the only goal is to become meaningful to this world and contribute to it. On their way were: cold, hunger, sadness, joy, disappointment, pain, death, disease, but it did not break anyone and did not prevent becoming a hero. From those times and to date, there were archives with their merits, interesting stories, victories. The purpose of the article is to educate the reading, people who have given themselves in the medical sphere. The actions and achievements of the following people are described: N. Burdenko, Kashevar-Rudneva Barbarian Alexandrovna.
and a small part of the names of doctors working in the COVID-19 pandemic. Media materials

This article is devoted to the life story of the outstanding surgeon Georgy Fedorovich Sinyakov. The memory from the past will always be relevant. Making its history, medicine develops and grows, improving in its ability, increasing the results of its actions, fulfilling the main task – treating people. By passing on medical traditions that are firmly connected with the understanding of the human personality, they always preserve the important values of the medical profession. Having devoted myself completely, passing on invaluable experience, now there is an opportunity to know and remember brilliant great people. The Great Patriotic War. Hard times accompanied by death, hunger, disease. Times that force people to become strong. Bringing with them not only horror, fear and death, but also a great time of hope and faith. Thousands of people have become heroes. Strong people whose names have gained immortality. Historical memory, whose value is of greater importance than the achievement of victory. For 75 years, a large amount of material has accumulated about the merits of medical workers during the Great Patriotic War. The purpose of the article is to educate the future generation, people who have devoted themselves to the medical field. Description of G.F.Sinyakov's activities and achievements. The materials were publications, interviews with participants of the Great Patriotic War.

The article is devoted to the organization of the medical service during the Great Patriotic War. The author examines the role of sanitary trains, analyzes the problems of staffing and supply of medicines.

In this article the issue of transplantology development in our country, legislative regulation of transplantologists' activity of the 21st century, problems and prospects of this branch development are considered.
This direction in medicine is of great importance nowadays because with the help of transplantation there appeared a possibility to cure previously incurable diseases such as liver cirrhosis, cardiomyopathy, cystic fibrosis, rhinopathy, etc. The question immediately arises which scientists laid the foundation for the practice of organ and tissue transplantation.
The article shows the main developments in the field of transplantation in the pre-revolutionary, Soviet and post-Soviet periods.
The goals and objectives of our work are:
1. to study the normative and legal acts regulating transplantation issues.
2. to study the definition of transplantation and transplant recipient
3. to learn the practical experience of scientists in transplantology, their successes and failures
4. To identify the problems of modern transplantology
5. Suggest ways to educate the population about transplantation

This article is devoted to the life and works of doctors- writers. Anton Pavlovich Chekhov and Mikhail Afanasievich Bulgakov have gone down in history not only as great Russian writers, but also people who know medicine from the inside. Each of them created a single collective image of a doctor who took root in society, and some characters became household names. Using examples from the lives of writers, as well as their works, we will see exactly how the opinion of Russian playwrights about medicine was formed and projected onto society.

Relevance. The feat of medical workers participating in the Great Patriotic War is an example of a civil-patriotic position for posterity.

Target. Using general scientific methods of research, get acquainted with the historical material of the life and work of the doctor, teacher Shesterenkina Valentina Gavrilovna.

Methods. The general scientific method of research is used in the work. 

Results. Women doctors of the Great Patriotic War are brave, courageous, fearless warriors. Shesterenkina V. G. was devoted to her profession in wartime and peacetime. She devoted herself entirely to the treatment of her fellow villagers, showing responsibility and caring.

Conclusion. The selfless work of military doctors is an important page in history, an example for all generations. It is our sacred duty to always remember those who gave their lives defending their homeland, to take care of the people living with us who survived the war.

The article provides a review of literary sources on the history of the discovery and study of tick-borne encephalitis by a group of Soviet scientists in the 30s of the XX century in the Far East. The selfless work and cohesion of scientists of various specialties (virologists, epidemiologists, entomologists, zoologist, parasitologist, pathologist, neurologists and laboratory assistants) made it possible not only to “discover” tick-borne encephalitis, but became the starting point for many domestic scientific virological schools throughout the USSR.

Purpose: To study the foundations of the formation of Alexander Vladimirovich as a pulmonologist, his scientific activities and professional merits.

Methods: Analysis of the professor's autobiography, literature review of articles.

Results: An analytical review of the articles and autobiography of Pochivalov A.V. was carried out, which made it possible to obtain information about his medical, scientific and pedagogical activities.

Conclusions: Alexander Vladimirovich Pochivalov is an outstanding doctor of our time, professor, associate professor of the department of propaedeutics of childhood diseases and polyclinic pediatrics. The merits of this scientist are known both throughout Russia and in various parts of our world. We are proud that we have the opportunity to be students of this talented person!

This scientific article examines the history of folk and preventive medicine in Ethiopia, as well as the challenges facing modern medicine in this country. The authors of the study analyzed the traditional methods of treatment used by the people of Ethiopia and traced their evolution over the centuries. They also studied the country's modern medical system, including national prevention and treatment programs, and identified the main problems faced by modern medical practitioners in Ethiopia.

The importance of medical ethics as a whole, as well as of individual issues, has increased enormously in the context of modern scientific and technological progress. Within the framework of common traditions, each era has brought forward questions of professional morality. The year 2023 marks the 105th anniversary of the death of Evgeny Sergeevich Botkin, who was the last medical attendant to the family of Nicholas II. He voluntarily went to his death together with his patients, because he was ready for any fate that was prepared for the royal family, thus he followed his medical duty to the end, which defines his commitment to his profession.  The aim of the paper is to investigate the moral and ethical foundations of medicine laid down by E. S. Botkin. The article presents the main stages of life and professional path of Evgeny Sergeevich and his contribution to the development of national medicine. His scientific, pedagogical and social activities are described and his main biographical data are presented. His moral values and principles are discussed and described separately. Evgeny Sergeyevich Botkin understood that the clinical activity of a doctor requires not only practical skills, but also personal spiritual experience, the capacity for human communication, kindness and selflessness. His ethical views on medical duty later formed the modern principle of biomedical ethics - the principle of respect for the autonomy of the individual.

Relevance. The spread of multidisciplinary research in medicine (including the treatment of individual patients), the progressive use of technology in clinical practice, the increasing importance of the problem of risk in clinical medicine, the urgent need to solve fundamentally new philosophical, medical and legal problems put forward by the modern NTD, etc., make the philosophical study of the assumptions, basic concepts and trends in medical ethics relevant.

Purpose. To explore the moral and ethical foundations of medicine as laid down by Evgeny Sergeevich Botkin.

Materials and methods. The materials were works of E.S. Botkin - "The light and shadows of the Russian-Japanese war of 1904-5", works in "Pulmonology" magazine: "The sick in hospital", "What it means to "pamper" the sick", and also the book "The Tsar's Life-Medic. Life and Work of Evgeny Botkin", ed. by K.K. Melnik-Botkin and E.K. Melnik (France), compiled and completed by O.T. Kovalevskaya. - SPb. : ANO Publishing house "Tsarskoye Delo", 2010.

Methods used: systematic, historical, generalisation, analysis, synthesis.

Results. As a result of this research, the basic principles of Botkin's medical ethics were identified: a service-oriented attitude; assistance; respect for colleagues; fairness; unselfishness and uncompensated service; fidelity to one's duty as a doctor.

This scientific article tells about the life path of an obstetrician-gynecologist Claudia Alexandrovna Smolyaninova. Her path from childhood to the present is traced, each stage of her life is described and all the steps that brought Claudius closer to her chosen profession are explored. Throughout her life, Claudia Alexandrovna worked tirelessly to achieve her goals. Her constant desire to help people captivate the spirit. The article shows a true love for the profession, which can serve as inspiration and motivation for future obstetricians.

ACTUALITY. Allergology has always appealed to paediatricians. The development of industry, other environmental hazards - all affect a child's health. The profession of a paediatric allergist requires responsibility, clear analytical thinking, excellent memory, the desire to help young patients, the ability to never stop learning and mastering new knowledge and technology. Having chosen the profession, a person must be able to do his or her job with excellence to arouse inspiration in other people. To study the professional path and innovations of George Nestorovich Speransky.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. Printed sources, Internet resources. RESULTS. February 7, 1873 is the date of birth of the great Soviet pediatrician. Georgy Nestorovich became acquainted with the work of advanced European doctors. Returning to the Russian capital, Speransky begins to specialize in the treatment of newborn babies, thus becoming the first Russian neonatologist. From 1925 he heads the country's first chair of pathology of childhood, the staff of which dealt with the problems of infant feeding, digestive disorders, and the development of preventive measures to combat childhood mortality. In 1922 the journal "Materials for the Study of Early Childhood", later renamed "Soviet Pediatrics", and then "Pediatrics" was founded under the leadership of Georgy Nestorovich. For 47 years Speransky was the editor-in-chief. Since 1973 the journal has been named after the children's doctor. Already in the 1930-th Georgiy Nestorovich was able to estimate the significance of allergic reactions in paediatric pathology, which allowed to develop the soviet allergic school.

The life and professional activity of G.N. Speransky, the coryphaeus of the Russian pediatrics, passed in the span of two epochs: the Russian pre-revolutionary and the Soviet one. He became a moral and cultural bridge, transferring the best traditions of the pre-revolutionary medicine to the Russian pediatrics. The whole life of Georgy Nestorovich Speransky was imbued with love for children, which he tried to instil in his pupils.

The scientific article explores the richness of ancient Greek medicine and its historical aspects. Ancient Greek medicine played a significant role in the development of modern medicine, and the study of practices and beliefs of that time provides valuable information about the evolution of medical practices over time.
The article discusses various medical approaches to treatment, as well as procedures and beliefs common in ancient Greece, their impact on the development of medicine over time. It highlights the contributions of famous Greek doctors, as well as various medical schools and institutes that existed at that time.
Exploring ancient Greek medicine, this article sheds light on the origin of certain medical treatments and beliefs that are still in use today. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the history of medicine and the significant role it played in shaping the world in which we live today.

The article focuses on the peculiarities of the formation of natural philosophy in traditional Chinese medicine, examines the existence of the theory of "Yin and Yang" and its application in modern medicine.
Chinese philosophers refer to the past as the highest value. Man occupies an important place, he is a necessary link between heaven and earth. For normal human existence, it is necessary to maintain harmony in all spheres of life. At the same time, special attention should be paid to health. To do this, it is necessary to maintain harmony between the opposing forces of energy "Yin and Yang". Thanks to the presence of such opposites as "Yin and Yang", it is possible to maintain the right way of life. To live in harmony is to balance the Yin and Yang energies in your body.
It is impossible not to agree with the idea that modern medicine uses traditional methods of treatment based on balance between "Yin and Yang". These are the ones that remain relevant to this day.
Goals:
-determine the place of Natural Philosophy in the philosophy of ancient China
-study aspects of the theory of "Yin and Yang".
-to review methods of treatment that are based on the principles of "Yin and Yang".

Methods: Analysis of the chosen topic Results: To date, the Natural Philosophy of Ancient China still does not lose its relevance. Many practices are popular in medical practice both in Russia and in other countries.Conclusions: The activities of Chinese natural philosophers have contributed greatly to the development of medicine. The theory of "Yin and Yang" is relevant at all times. It is based on restoring the disturbed balance, which leads to harmony. To live in harmony is to balance the "Yin and Yang" energies in your body.

Relevance. Deep, versatile knowledge, great talent, interest in everything new, dedication to his work, selfless daily work, willingness to respond to the sufferings of the patient, skill in healing and the desire to share his experience and knowledge in the name of man, the development of medicine in his country allowed S.P. Botkin deservedly to be on the Olympus of Russian medicine.

Target. Using biographical information, to show the importance of the scientist and his great contribution to the development of medicine and medical education in Russia.

Methods. The general scientific method of research was used in the work.

Results. S.P.Botkin was an innovator of domestic medicine. Under his leadership, the system of diagnostics, treatment of patients and teaching therapy to students and doctors was being rebuilt.

Conclusion. S.P. Botkin, an outstanding scientist and discoverer in the field of medicine, gave a lot of effort to improve medical services for the general population, especially the low-income part of it. The main goal was to improve the quality of medical work of city hospitals, taking as a basis the principle of "scientific medicine". S.P. Botkin was at the origins of professional medical training of women.

Abstract. This article is devoted to the history of the study of cholera in the Astrakhan province at the end of the XIX century by Markar Ivanovich Arustamov.

Relevance. According to WHO, in 2021 the average incidence of cholera in the world was 1.9% (in Africa - 2.9%), which is well above the acceptable level of 1%. This figure was a record for more than ten years.

Purpose: to study the contribution of Markar Ivanovich Arustamov to the fight against cholera in the Astrakhan province

Materials and methods: research of literary sources; research of Internet resources; compositional analysis; synthesis; survey

Results. As part of our work, we conducted a survey among sixty-six students of Astrakhan State Medical University. Questions related to clinical manifestations of cholera, knowledge of the history of medicine of the native land:

1. What are the clinical manifestations of cholera? (Jaundice staining of the skin, pain in the area of ​ the right hypochondrium – 16.7%; Lacrimation, itching – 3%; “Rice decoction”, dehydration – 68.2%; Diapedetic bleeding – 6.1%; Solid chancre – 6.1%)
2. Is cholera research relevant nowadays? (Yes – 80.3%, No – 19.7%)
3. Justify your opinion (“I do not know” – 54.5%, as well as “Cholera is not defeated”, “Outbreaks were sometimes detected in our region”, “The pathogen is still in reservoirs”, “High spread of the disease”…)
4. What Astrakhan doctors do you know? (“I don't know” – 80.3%, as well as “Nesterov A.A., Myasnyankin A.A.”, “A.V. Burov, V.A. Ermolaev, V.E. Avedisyan, V.V. Belopasov, J.E. Torishnev”…)
5. What are these Astrakhan doctors famous for? (“Studied plague, cholera and lepra”, “immunologist, doctor of medical sciences, specialist in especially dangerous infections”, “Contribution to theory and practice in various fields of medicine”)

Conclusion. Cholera is a serious infectious disease characterized by a high degree of contagiousness, which is not completely defeated today. The fight against it has been going on for several centuries. An invaluable contribution to the study of this disease and other especially dangerous infections was made by the outstanding Astrakhan epidemiologist Markar Ivanovich Arustamov.

In the modern world, each person dies in a different way: one due to an accident, another due to a long illness, someone simply ends his earthly journey. But, our history knows examples of the fate of people who were tortured to death in concentration camps created by the German invaders during the war. The most cruel of them in the whole world is Auschwitz. A large number of people during the war years will end up in death camps, where medical experiments will be conducted on them. 60 km in the south of Poland in 1940, a concentration camp complex called Auschwitz or Auschwitz was founded by the German authorities. It was built on the basis of the former barracks and existed until 1945. German doctors and professors conducted "medical" experiments in the camps on living people — men, women, children, and the elderly. In terms of the degree of thoughtfulness, technical organization and cruelty of the extermination of people to this day, Auschwitz is the most brutal camp of all existing in history. Most of those in captivity will die, but some, despite all the horrors that took place there, will manage to survive.

This article tells about the dynasty of doctors – Bobrovih. A labor dynasty is a phenomenon in which people of the same profession pass on their skills and glorious labor traditions from generation to generation. Labor dynasties are not artificial, they are created and formed by themselves - naturally: young workers take an example from their elders, the elders admire the best, and so a working dynasty is formed, which becomes part of a large medical family. The article tells about who Viktor Ivanovich Bobrov is and for what merits he is still remembered. Every child inherits from his parents not only intellectual abilities, genes and even facial features, but also quite often their professions. The article tells about Bobrov's daughters, who continued the work of Viktor Ivanovich. The Bobrov family has its own special document, it is called "The list of merits rendered to the Russian Society of the Red Cross by the chief paramedic of the Ryazan Red Cross Hospital Viktor Ivanovich Bobrov." In this regard, it is now possible to meet whole generations of hereditary lawyers, actors and even doctors.

Relevance. De medicina (About Medicine) is the only fully preserved ancient Roman medical work. It played an important role in the development of medicine.

Purpose. Using the materials of the library fund, get acquainted with the medical essay «De medicina» («About Medicine»).

Methods. The general scientific method of research was used in the work.

Results. The work «De medicina» («About Medicine») contains the experience of healers of the 1st century BC, a list of various diseases with a detailed description of the symptoms and advice on maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

Conclusion.

The history of medicine goes back thousands of years. We find information about this in the oldest and only fully preserved work in Latin by A.K. Celsus «De medicina» («About Medicine»)

Abstract: the article examines the medical activity of Valentin Valandi, a recognized specialist in performing operations with obstetric fistulas, this problem affects Chad due to the huge size of its territory, lack of access to maternal and obstetric qualified care. Thanks to Dr. Valandi, the development of medicine in Chad has reached a new level. Electronic resources dedicated to the life of Valentin Valandi were studied, as a result of which his invaluable contribution to the development of medicine was clarified. The article mentions the international independent medical organization "Doctors without Borders". MSF was founded based on the belief that all people should have access to medical care regardless of gender, race, religion, creed or political beliefs and that people's medical needs are more important than state borders

This article talks about the life of the great Russian scientist-
physiologist I.P. Pavlov, about his scientific achievements, works and theories, his
cooperation with other world-class scientists who are also known to everyone and
stand on the same level as him. The outstanding scientist loved to collect.
Only one book could change the life of this man, and he
devoted his whole life, and he did it with the maximum passion, about which
the consequence will write in his famous letter to the youth. It also describes
cultural heritage after his death. At the end, the article ends with a letter from I.P.
Pavlova to the youth and its analysis.

The article is devoted to the outstanding Russian and Soviet surgeon Sergei Petrovich Fedorov, who made a significant contribution to the formation and development of domestic surgery. The biographical material is presented in such a way as to reveal the personality of the brilliant surgeon as much as possible. Particular attention is paid to the important scientific achievements and merits of Professor S.P. Fedorov. He created a modern operating room, the first endoscopic room in Russia and the first x-ray room, as well as a museum of pathoanatomical preparations. The scientist invented tetanus toxoid, and was the first to use it in Russia. The emergence of a new drug for intravenous anesthesia was the impetus for the development of abdominal surgery. In the treatment of oncological diseases, Fedorov was the first to use X-ray therapy and a mobile X-ray machine to remove tumors, and he, also tested the methods of treatment with fulguration. Sergei Petrovich Fedorov entered the history of domestic surgery as the "father of Russian urology" for his huge contribution to its formation and development, where much was created by him and named after him. The relevance of the material lies in the presentation of S.P. Fedorov’s views for the training of young surgeons. His organizational and pedagogical merits allowed him to create his own surgical school, whose students continue his work up to the present. The aim of the research is to increase the motivation for study and self-education in order to master the profession of a doctor, since the course of the history of domestic surgery is not included in the curriculum of medical universities.

The article examines the evolution of European ideas about human health from ancient times to the present day. The authors noted how key philosophical and religious beliefs influenced our understanding of health, including the ancient Greek humoral theory, Christian ideas about the body as a temple of the Holy Spirit and the modern scientific approach. The article highlights the strengths and weaknesses of each approach and emphasizes the importance of a holistic understanding of health that takes into account the complexity of human experience.

relevance. Not so long ago, there was a terrible pandemic of coronavirus infection all over the world. The number of cases grew exponentially, and there was no definite way to treat a new disease. Doctors sacrificed their health and lives to save each patient and alleviate his condition. One of these was Isa Adievich Akhtaev.

target To get acquainted with the doctor I.A. Akhtaev, who died in the fight against COVID-19. The materials of the Internet resource and mass media were used for the work.

methods. The general scientific method of research was used in the work.

results. Isa Adievich is an anesthesiologist-resuscitator, fought with coronavirus infection tirelessly. I tried to help everyone, put them on their feet as quickly as possible, ease the severity of the disease and prescribe the necessary treatment. He saved many human lives.

conclusion. Familiarity with the life and work of doctors is of great importance for students, is an integral part of the educational and educational process. We need to know our heroes

The article is devoted to one of the outstanding doctors of the XX century, Nikolai Alexandrovich Ovchinnikov, who worked for many years as a surgeon, and then took priestly orders, then a schema under the name of his spiritual father, the Optina elder Nectary, and devoted himself to serving God. In his life, he followed two basic gospel commandments: love of God and love of neighbor.

The article is dedicated to Kirill Pavlovich Pshenisnov, one of the most experienced plastic surgeons in Russia. Purpose: to analyze the experience of Kirill Pavlovich Pshenisnov. This surgeon has made and is still making great transformations in this area of medicine. He is known not only in Russia, but also abroad, because he completed an internship in the USA, participated in conferences in different countries, and wrote many scientific papers. Kirill Pavlovich has professional experience not only in plastic surgery, but also in general practice surgery and orthopedic surgery, is well-versed in vascular surgery, traumatology and orthopedics, reconstructive microsurgery. K. P. Pshenisnov currently holds the position of professor of the Department of Traumatology of the Yaroslavl Medical Academy. He wrote a textbook on plastic and reconstructive surgery, introduced many trends in unique operations to correct the consequences of not only life-acquired injuries, but also birth defects. The experience of this surgeon symbolizes the most important role of plastic surgery for any person who has an external physical disability, on the basis of which difficulties in other spheres of life could develop. Relevance: plastic surgery is gaining great pace of development and popularity in recent years. The accelerated spread of plastic surgery in larger and larger circles of society is associated with the adoption of "plastics" as the most effective way to adjust and harmonize the external and internal world in the shortest possible time, and this is also due to the increase in the number of qualified experienced plastic surgeons over the past  years. When working on the article, printed sources and electronic resources were studied.

Relevance. He is known to society as the "father" of world transplantology, who had to work in harsh conditions. On the one hand - loyalty to the profession, on the other - the constant overcoming of difficulties. This is how Vladimir Petrovich Demikhov worked.

Target. Using the materials of the library fund, get acquainted with the history of the life and work of V.P. Demikhov

Methods. The general scientific method of research was used in the work.

Results. Life of V.P. Demikhov is the story of a large-scale, talented personality with a difficult fate. He devoted himself to organ transplants. His experiments became world scientific sensations. They laid the foundation for many unique operations and directions in medicine. Foreign colleagues trained with Demikhov, foreign media wrote about him. His experiments were of great importance for the development of transplantology. The name of Vladimir Petrovich Demikhov is inscribed in golden letters in the history of medicine in the twentieth century.

Conclusion.

Vladimir Petrovich Demikhov believed that he had lived a happy life. He implemented his ideas and experimental developments in the clinic, witnessed the saving of the lives of hopelessly ill people. He loved his work and deservedly bears the title of "father" of world transplantation.

Relevance. The history of the development of psychiatry in Russia is of particular interest in view of the not very active popularization of this scientific field.

Target. To get acquainted with the historical material on the life and work of G.E. Sukhareva, the founder of child psychiatry in Russia, using general scientific methods of research.

Methods. General scientific method of research was used in the work.

Results. G.E. Sukhareva was one of the first researchers to describe autism as an independent, neurobiological condition. 

Conclusion.Studying the works of psychiatrist, Professor G.E. Sukhareva is an important component in the education of a medical student. 

The article is devoted to the formation of mentoring in nursing. It touches on the historical aspect of mentoring, tells about the founders of the ideas of mentoring and the formation of the prestige of the profession of a nurse. Modern projects and events contributing to the development of mentoring in our university and our country are presented.

This article is devoted to the life and scientific activity of Vladimir Aleksandrovich Pokrovsky. Purpose: to study the life of V. A. Pokrovsky and his contribution to medicine. Relevance: the younger generation of our country, especially students of medical universities, should know outstanding domestic doctors. The article describes the path of becoming a doctor, career achievements, as well as the personal life of V.A. Pokrovsky. He constantly worked with patients regardless of the time of day and the situation in the country. The main thing for him was the patient and the protection of his life and health. Vladimir Alexandrovich saved thousands of women and children. He also happened to be the head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Penza and Voronezh, in addition, he was engaged in scientific activities a lot and published a huge number of articles about new methods of treating complex diseases that are still used today. In conclusion, we can say that Vladimir Aleksandrovich Pokrovsky was a remarkable and outstanding person in the history of medicine, who was able to develop a school of obstetrics and gynecology not only in Voronezh, but throughout Russia. This is a huge contribution he made for us. Electronic resources and materials of a Large Medical Encyclopedia were used to write the article.

During the war years, when not only "social distance", but even the choice of medicines was out of the question and had to make do with meager weapons like penicillin, potassium permanganate, streptocide. Soviet medicine had to pass serious examinations and strength tests. And she went through it.

This article describes the extraordinary role of physicians and scientists in times of war. Wartime presents a particularly difficult challenge for physicians, who not only work at their best, but also face enormous ethical and moral dilemmas. While famous military leaders and heroic soldiers are often the protagonists in war stories, physicians and medical professionals who have saved and treated thousands of lives often remain in the shadows.
This article examines the contributions of prominent doctors and scientists to World Wars I and II. Without the contributions of these men, victory would not have been possible. The article details their innovative treatments, experience, and knowledge, which contributed to the development of medicine and helped save many lives.

The article presents the evolution of domestic nursing in the historical aspect from the first prototypes to the present day. The issue of the emergence and development of active women's ministry and assistance to those in need in Russia, for which the prototype was the examples of communities of sisters of mercy in the West, is highlighted. The main purpose of the article is to familiarize with the history of nursing in Russia.

Over the centuries, medicine, like other fields of scientific knowledge, has undergone a large number of changes and developed.
The purpose of this study is to study the main stages of the development of medicine and demonstrate the progress made in medical science during its existence.
The research used materials of scientific literature on the history of medicine, textbooks and articles of specialized journals. The study was conducted using analytical and descriptive methods.
Results. This article highlights the main stages of the evolution of medicine over time: starting in the Middle Ages, when medical practice was saturated with superstitions and ritualistic beliefs, and ending with modern achievements in the field of biotechnology and genetic engineering. In the course of the research, key historical events, scientific discoveries and scientific achievements that shaped medicine as it is now were studied.
Conclusions. Over the centuries, medicine, like other fields of scientific knowledge, has undergone a large number of changes and developed.

At present, unfortunately, young doctors know very little about outstanding compatriots and colleagues, about their deeds, which have forever remained in people's memory. In the history of Russian medicine, there are many worthy examples of the courage and dedication of people who have devoted their lives to medicine. One of these doctors who accomplished a feat in the name of people's lives is Simon Zelikovich Gorelik. This article deals with the life, work and feat of S.Z. Gorelik, an outstanding doctor and a wonderful person who sacrificed his life to save people. In the article, we’d like to draw the attention of modern youth to what character traits and personal qualities necessary for successful work a doctor should have, as well as their significance and importance when interacting with patients and colleagues. The aim of this work is to explain to future doctors the need for professional and personal growth, self-improvement throughout the life path. This article is recommended for modern youth to create and educate such qualities as humanism and patriotism, kindness, compassion and determination to self-sacrifice.

       Annotation: Florence Nightingale - reformer and creator ofmodern nursing. Nightingale became widely known for writing textbooks for nurses, as well as charity. Her name has become a household name for a kind and selfless person.

A lot of people whose outstanding successes contributed to the development of domestic medicine are firmly inscribed in history. Our task is to respect the work of the heroes and carry the memory of them through the generations. Among the people who selflessly work for the benefit of the country and the people, Ivan Danilovich Kosachev, a military field surgeon, professor of the Military Medical Academy named after S. M. Kirov, stands out.
The purpose of the work is to get acquainted with the biography and the main stages of the life of Ivan Danilovich Kosachev.
In the course of the work, current information sources were studied, a general scientific research method was used.
Ivan Danilovich Kosachev is a true professional in his field. Being a selfless, disciplined person and a highly qualified specialist, he made a significant contribution to the development of military field surgery, which helped save the lives of soldiers and civilians. Thanks to his works, invaluable experience was accumulated in organizing medical and sanitary support and providing medical assistance to victims of hostilities. No less important part of Ivan Danilovich's professional activity is work in peacetime: training of qualified personnel, a significant contribution to the development of the Kirov University, writing monographs and scientific papers.
The life path of I. D. Kosachev is rich in trials, which only a truly great man can cope with. His image serves as an example for modern youth, an ideal that a doctor should strive for.

Relevance

All corners of the world have their own "rescuers" and "heroes" whose names are widely known. Similarly, there are outstanding personalities in Russia. The contribution of each individual doctor is indescribably great.

When biological, social and technological progress is observed in society, when it undergoes major changes, then in many areas, in particular, in healthcare, new issues, problems and tasks appear that responsible people have to solve. The latter set grandiose goals and go to them, applying their deepest knowledge in the field of science and medicine in order to solve those endlessly arising problems. Therefore, this topic will always be relevant.

In this article we will talk about one of the most excellent specialists - Alla Baudinovna Makhtieva. This is a doctor who has achieved tremendous results on her professional path, starting with the fact that she was the rector of the once independently existing Chechen State Medical Institute, and ending with the fact that today she is the Chairman of the Association of Pediatricians of the Chechen Republic.

Goal

To mention the achievements of one of the best pediatricians in Russia and in the Chechen Republic, to preserve in the memory of many the contribution of this figure to medicine.

Materials and methods

The autobiography of Makhtieva Alla Baudinovna, information and feedback from students, data from various media platforms. Methods: analysis of autobiography, analysis of data from the media, a survey of students who are personally familiar with this teacher.

Results

The information is fully presented and an analysis of the personal qualities and scientific achievements of A.B. Makhtieva is carried out.

Conclusion.

In this vast world, there is no way to do without such "small" subunits, which together protect our world from diseases and ailments.

Target.  To get acquainted with the life and work of I.E.  Dyadkovsky.  Consider the relevance and significance of the work of a scientist for medicine. 

Methods.  The general scientific method of research was used in the work. 

Results.  Iustin Evdokimovich Dyadkovsky is an ordinaryprofessor at Moscow University, a therapist who was famous for his deep knowledge in various fields of science, which allowedhim to make his progressive medical conclusions.  Crowds of students came to his lectures on pathology, he was personallyacquainted with great writers and deservedly remains an outstanding scientist in the history of medicine. 

Conclusion.  The study of the works of Dyadkovsky I.E.  is of great importance for medical students, allows you to trace the evolution of ideas about human health, from the 19th century to the present day. 

Pyotr Ivanovich Dyakonov is a native of the Orel province, a representative of the Russian professorship, a doctor, a surgeon, a resident professor. He had a wide range of natural science interests, but devoted exceptional attention to topographic anatomy, introduced a large number of innovative operations and operational methods used in medicine to this day. P.I. Diakonov also intensively participated in the public life of the medical society, took part in natural science congresses and was actively published in journals, was a wonderful leader and a sensitive mentor for his students. It is also impossible to ignore the active social activity of a doctor associated with assessing the situation among the population concerning medical aspects and writing extensive research articles on these occasions, which were of great importance to the scientific medical community both then and at the moment of the development of modern medicine. It is also worth mentioning the direct practical significance of the developments of Pyotr Ivanovich Dyakonov in relation to domestic surgery and the current achievements of medicine, for the reason that its foundation was laid by him-one of the outstanding surgeons-innovators.

The article explores the evolution of medical care during wartime in Russia, with a focus on the role of medical triage introduced by N.I. Pirogov. A detailed historical analysis of medical practice before and after the introduction of the triage system is provided, highlighting the significant impact this approach had on the efficiency and effectiveness of medical care during wartime. The article is a valuable resource for anyone interested in the history of medicine, particularly the development of military medicine. The historical context in which triage was introduced, as well as its impact on the organization of the medical service in wartime, is considered in details. In addition, this article highlights the challenges health workers face in providing care during conflicts, how triage has solved some of these challenges, and how it can be improved.

This article is dedicated to the famous Arab medical scientist Ibn al-Nafis, who was an outstanding physician of the Renaissance, who proved himself as a scientist, teacher and doctor. His whole life was devoted to the treatment of patients and carrying out researches in the field of medicine. He made an invaluable contribution to the early knowledge of the pulmonary circulation. He was the first scientist to challenge the long-held Galenian claim that blood could pass through the interventricular septum of the heart, and accordingly held that all blood that reaches the left ventricle passes through the lungs. He also believed that there must be small communications or pores between the pulmonary artery and the vein. This statement preceded the discovery of pulmonary capillaries by Marcello Malpighi by 400 years. This era is given little attention by physiologists, but it is often regarded by some historians as the Islamic golden age.

The article will focus on the professional activity of one of the Russian surgeons and transplantologists Sergey Vladimirovich Gauthier.  Nowadays medicine has reached unprecedented heights, new branches of medicine are emerging, thanks to which the number of lives saved increases tenfold. For example, transplantology gives people a chance for a quality life. Sergey Vladimirovich Gauthier is a prominent figure in the field of transplantology and surgery in general, and his technologies and techniques are widely used among medical institutions around the world.

This article is devoted to the life and achievements of Nikolai Vasilyevich Sklifosovsky, an outstanding Russian surgeon and founder of the Russian Surgical Society. Sklifosovsky became one of the leading surgeons of his time, making important contributions to the field of medicine, including the development of new surgical methods and technologies. His scientific work continues to be used in medical textbooks and research today. He was the first to use local anesthesia during operations, which made it possible to carry out more complex operations, and also developed a special apparatus that made it possible to maintain anesthesia during the operation. His methods of antisepsis and asepsis proved effective in reducing the number of postoperative infections and deaths. Despite the resistance of some experts, Sklifosovsky's methods began to be widely used and proved to be very effective. Thus, the article describes the life path of Nikolai Sklifosovsky, who became a symbol of the medical community not only in Russia, but throughout the world. He made a huge contribution to the development of domestic medicine, taking care of the health and well-being of people throughout his life. Today, Sklifosovsky's life and work inspire medical professionals, and he remains an important figure in Russian culture.

The article tells about the life of the founder of the medical dynasty, Honored Doctor of the RSFSR, honorary citizen of the Lipetsk region Claudia Vasilyevna Burtseva, about the periods of her formation, life during the Great Patriotic War, her contribution to the development of the Lipetsk region.

Goal. Using the materials of the library fund, get acquainted with the history of the life and work of the therapist of the Tula region, Chichkanova (Haderer) Vera Ivanovna

Methods. The general scientific method of research was used in the work.

Results. Chichkanova (nee Haderer) Vera Ivanovna was an outstanding doctor of her time. Having survived the Second World War, having miraculously received a medical education because of her German origin, she devoted her whole life to her professional activity, was a true patriot of Russia, actively engaged not only in medical issues, but also actively participated in the social and political life of her region.

Conclusion. 02.12.1966 Vera Ivanovna Chichkanova was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, medals. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated October 23, 1978, Vera Ivanovna Chichkanova was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the award of the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal for her great achievements in the development of public health.

Relevance of the research. Reconsideration of medical workers’ feat during the Great Patriotic War causes interest because of rising tension in contemporary international relations and increased armed conflicts.

Aim of the research. In the article on the example of Nadezhda Troyan we seek to preserve the memory of the Great Patriotic War and its heroes, who fought desperately for a peaceful sky above our heads.

Research methods. Ideographic and logical methods have been used.

Analysis. Nadezhda Viktorovna Troyan is one of the most outstanding figures in the history of the Soviet state. During the war with Nazi Germany the brave and strong in spirit woman worked as a scout and nurse of the guerrilla unit «Storm». The article focuses on the major events of her biography before and after the war. Her merit in wartime is highlighted. The achievements of Nadezhda Troyan will not leave anyone indifferent. After the Great Patriotic war, the young Soviet spy chose medicine as her profession and for many years taught medical students at the Sechenov Institute. Dr Troyan operated, and was actively engaged in scientific and social work. The paper is intended for a wide range of readers, who not only want to know the main events of the Great Patriotic War, but want to get acquainted with outstanding personalities of this difficult period for our country.

Results. The study showed the significant contribution of women doctors to the victory over the Nazi invaders. On the example of Nadezhda Troyan we see multifaceted bravery of Soviet women during the Great Patriotic War.

Relevance. The constant development of medicine and the most important discoveries in this area have changed human consciousness, influenced life and continue to improve the quality of people's lives.

Purpose. Using publicly available materials, get acquainted with the history of the discovery of penicillin, assess the significance of the event.

Methods. The general scientific method of research was used in the work.

Results. By making discoveries, scientists make a huge contribution to the development of various fields of science. Medical discoveries change life and a person, improving them. Acquaintance of students with the discoveries of scientists is an important component of the process of education and study of the history of medicine.

Conclusion.

The history of medicine goes back thousands of years.  We find information about this in the oldest and only fully preserved work in Latin by A.K.  Celsus «De medicina» («About Medicine»)

KEYWORDS

Medicine; opening; penicillin.

RELEVANCE

The discovery of penicillin brought medicine to a new level in the treatment of various diseases. Salvation from death, prolongation of life, improvement of the quality of life are the main and important results of this discovery.

This article discusses the life path and achievements of the surgeon-urologist Eduard Kamoevich Grigoryan. The article provides biographical data and the stages of his formation as a doctor. It should be noted that not every person can become a doctor, since this path requires from a person not only serious knowledge and skills, but also high responsibility, mercy, patience and willpower. For Eduard Kamoevich Grigoryan, these qualities have always been important, since he always wanted to help people and understand the intricacies of the functioning of the human body. Despite the complexity of the profession, he once decided to take this step and became a successful doctor, able to make important decisions and save people's lives.  Eduard Kamoevich is a real enthusiast of his work in medicine and considers it an integral part of his life. He is convinced that the medical profession requires from its representatives not only high qualifications, but also constant additional education and personal development.Eduard describes his work as a source of joy and satisfaction, as he helps people and sees the results of his work. The article contains information about interesting clinical cases from the practice of Eduard Kamoevich, which may be useful for medical students.

The names of outstanding and bright personalities are stored in our memory as valuable relics. One has only to remember them, and we are blinded by their brilliance and splendor again. At all times, society has been actively interested in them. Regardless of the historical epoch, their main features were discussed, their character, preferences, and views were determined. Researchers were interested in the question of what allows a person to stand out and prove himself as a great personality, leaving an indelible mark. In particular, medicine focuses its attention on those people who have shown themselves noticeably in healing. Hippocrates, for example, draws attention to spiritual values, he admires the intelligence, honesty and decency of a person: "A doctor should be a prudent person by his disposition, beautiful, kind and humane." No wonder the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates said: "All professions in the world are from people, and only three are from God - a judge, a doctor and a teacher." Speaking about people who have devoted themselves to medicine, they are attracted by the colorful personality, its originality, the ability to overcome difficult situations and manage them ...

Purpose: The purpose of this article is the desire to talk about many years of work, about the merits and achievements in the scientific field of an outstanding specialist of Russia and the Chechen Republic, Candidate of Chemical Sciences, associate professor Isaeva Elina Lechaevna, as well as save this data in people's memory.

Materials and methods: It is based on the autobiography of Elina Lechaevna Isaeva, data from questionnaires, as well as statements from students.

Results: High professionalism of E.L. Isaeva, her personal qualities are described, attention is focused on her successes.

Conclusions: An outstanding personality, Elina Lechaevna, who works hard throughout her life and achieves her goals. The role of such people in the development of scientific activity in the Chechen Republic and throughout the country is invaluable.

The purpose of the article is to give an idea of a man who was devoted to his profession all his life and, literally, gave his heart to people, to tell about a rural paramedic, to show the path that the heroine of the article, Ksenia Fedorovna Seregina, had to go through to fulfill her dream. And she went to this dream stubbornly and persistently. Both in a regular school and in a paramedic-obstetric, she studied only with "excellent" and graduated from educational institutions with a red diploma. The emphasis is on the difficult childhood of the future medic. I had to experience and survive a lot. The desire to become a paramedic appeared out of desperation, so as not to starve. But later, with her whole life, Ksenia Fedorovna proved the correctness of her choice of profession and made everyone believe in it. She always considered the main thing for herself - to be useful to people. Help them. Fight for their health. And this is the VOCATION! It is safe to say that this article will help many to make the right choice of a future profession. The article also touches on the topic of new technologies in medicine, which will not only combat the consequences of the disease, but also affect the causes of the disease.

This article is devoted to the labor activity of Volodin Alexander Ivanovich. Purpose: to tell about the life path of Volodin A.A., his achievements in medicine. Relevance: today, the need for knowledge of one's own history has acquired particular importance. We learn a lot about famous people of the past: generals, outstanding representatives of art and science, statesmen of the past, and, of course, about doctors. Dozens of books have been written about the fates of Pirogov, Botkin, Sklifosovsky, Burdenko, Ilizarov during their lifetime. However, the history of medicine is developing now: new people are coming to replace the doctors of the past, about their lives almost nothing is known. This publication is aimed at eliminating such injustice, it was created with the aim of expanding knowledge in the field of medical history of the Voronezh region. It reflects the contribution of a contemporary doctor to the maintenance of public well-being in the field of health, which is expressed in immeasurable human labor, daily endurance, dedication to the chosen profession, compliance with its moral principle. Alexander Ivanovich is a follower of the ancient branch of medicine - surgery, which is not just a science, but an art (the etymology of the word chirurgia is "needlework, craftsmanship of hands"), which cannot be fully displayed on paper. So, this article is an attempt to capture the history, part of the professional path of A. I. Volodin, which characterizes him as a noteworthy specialist from among the surgeons of the Voronezh region.

The article is dedicated to the outstanding Honored doctor, Candidate of Medical Sciences, chief physician of the Rovensky District Hospital of the Belgorod region, veteran of healthcare, Starodubova Valentina Ageevna. Having the highest awards and worthy knowledge, Valentina Ageevna worked hard, followed her mission for more than 50 years, put her heart and soul into patients, saved thousands of lives. Raised decent children and grandchildren. Now she is on a well-deserved rest. Purpose: to tell about the long-term and conscientious work of Valentina Ageevna Starodubova, her education received at the Dnepropetrovsk Medical Institute in the specialty "Medical care", professional and life path, merits and achievements. The relevance of the article lies in the desire to tell more about the doctors of our country, who deserve sincere gratitude, admire their enthusiasm, professionalism, active lifestyle, and enthusiasm for life. The article is based on a conversation with Valentina Ageevna, which took place in early January 2023, and a record of her memories of her work. Conclusion: the article is addressed to both medical students and a wide range of readers interested in medicine and facing the dilemma of choosing a future profession.

The article is devoted to the professional path of a surgeon — Tatiana Nikolaevna Khramochkina. Relevance: many students deeply experience problems and failures in their studies, an article about their personal experience of getting an education and working as a surgeon can become a motivator for young specialists, inspire them to new achievements. Purpose: to describe the life experience of a doctor with many years of work experience, to tell about the difficulties in studying and about the specifics of the specialty from the practical side. Materials: personal notes, diaries and archival documentation. Methods: collection of information from interviews with a surgeon, analysis of the data obtained, generalization of experience, conclusion of conclusions. Results: the professional path of Honored surgeon Tatiana Nikolaevna Khramochkina is described, the details of training at a higher educational institution and practical aspects of working as a general surgeon, as well as a proctologist surgeon are revealed. Conclusion: studying the biography of the doctor Tatiana Nikolaevna Khramochkina, we managed to make sure that it is possible to cope with most failures with a goal, patience and diligence. In order to become a true professional in his field, it is necessary to constantly improve the skills of the chosen specialty. Khramochkina T. N. is an example of incredible perseverance and complete dedication to her profession.

The article deals with the fate of the famous doctor Voronov, a surgeon who wanted to restore eternal youth to his patients. He was world famous as he became the founder of theories of rejuvenation with the help of hormones. The scientist took all his experiments seriously. However, there was a lot of controversy regarding the methods and results of rejuvenation.

relevance
Euthanasia is one of the problems that worries a huge number of people around the world. To date, this procedure is allowed in Luxembourg, Switzerland, the Netherlands and a number of other countries, but in Russia euthanasia is prohibited by law, as in many countries where, regardless of the voluntary nature of the decision, it is considered murder, an illegal act.
purpose
The purpose of the study is to determine the attitude of medical university students to euthanasia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The general scientific method of research and questionnaire were used in the work.
results
There are several types of euthanasia, but they have the same outcome – getting rid of the torment, pain and suffering that a deadly disease brings.
The test results showed that most of the students have a positive attitude to euthanasia, as well as most of the students believe that when this procedure is allowed, it should be performed by a medical professional.
conclusion
Despite the fact that euthanasia is prohibited in Russia, terminally ill patients receive all the necessary assistance in hospital departments and special institutions. The young population perceives this problem ambiguously. Moral values and ethical views of doctors are formed in the student years, so the coverage of this controversial issue should be included in the training program of future specialists.

The article is dedicated to women who were able to achieve success in the most difficult field - medicine. Thanks to their discoveries, they made a real revolution in the scientific world, proving that they are high-class professionals. These representatives of the fair sex were not afraid of difficulties and achieved recognition, and sometimes even world recognition, having confirmed their talent in medicine.

Goal. To get acquainted with the biography and work of a military doctor who took part in combat operations during the Chechen War.

Methods. The general scientific method of research was used in the work.

Results. For selfless work, for bravery in battle, for dedication to his work, Belov Vladimir Alexandrovich was awarded the "Golden Star" of the Hero of Russia on July 21, 1995.

Conclusions. Speaking about the war, people always remember the brave soldiers who fought steadfastly for the fate of their country. Many of them sacrificed their own lives for our happy future. Only during the First Chechen War, about 5,000 Russian servicemen were killed. However, we must not forget that true heroism and fearlessness were shown here not only by soldiers, but also by medical workers. Anton Pavlovich Chekhov wrote: "The profession of a doctor is a feat. It requires dedication, purity of spirit and purity of thoughts." This quote can be safely attributed to Vladimir Alexandrovich Belov, who was awarded the "Golden Star" of the Hero of Russia on July 21, 1995. During the Chechen War, 6 military doctors received this award (4 of them posthumously). Belov was the first.

Relevance. Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Valentin Feliksovich Voyno-Yasenetsky (Archbishop Luke, St. Luke of Crimea) is known as a surgeon, scientist, author of world-famous works on anesthesiology and purulent surgery, laureate of the Stalin Prize of the first degree, spiritual writer, doctor of theology, who devoted his whole life to medicine, giving all of himself to his profession and faith. In 2000 he was canonized as a saint among the Cathedral of New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia.

Target. Using the materials of the library fund, get acquainted with the history of the life and work of the famous doctor and clergyman Valentin Feliksovich Voyno-Yasenetsky during his stay in the city of Tambov.

Methods. The general scientific method of research was used in the work.

Results.

Valentin Feliksovich Voyno-Yasenetsky made a great contribution both to the development of the system of providing medical care to the population of the Tambov region in a number of profiles, the improvement of surgical practice and advanced training of practicing doctors, and to the revival of the spiritual life of society, strengthening the faith and fortitude of people.

Conclusion. Valentin Feliksovich Voyno-Yasenetsky was a talented doctor, a deeply religious person, a patriot of his country and profession, and dealt with important issues of medicine and health care. In Tambov, much attention is paid to perpetuating the memory of this unique doctor and saint, glorifying his name and heritage.

Relevance
Alexander Vasilyevich Zavyalov is one of the most memorable faces of the Soviet and Russian scientific community in the field of physiology, professor, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS), performed significant public work for which he got to the Doctor of Medical Sciences, he embodied his great work in the walls of Kursk Medical University, where he also occupied an important place, heading the Department of Physiology.It is worth noting his life path, which dates from 1933 to 2003, he found it in medicine and service to it.
Goal.To get acquainted with the biography and work of the outstanding physiologist Alexander Vasilyevich Zavyalov.
Methods. The general scientific method of research was used in the work.
Results.
During his long service as the head of the department at the university, which together with his scientific work is 25 years, he was able to write 250 scientific papers, 9 certificates for inventions and patents.He was distinguished by a special ability to see the potential and capabilities of people, so his team included highly qualified specialists from different fields, about 36-45 people. It is also impossible not to pay attention to the amazing monographs: "Correlation of physiological functions in norm and pathology". In the practical part, I would like to mention a number of devices and devices for functional diagnostics and physiotherapy, as well as the device "Skat", which belongs to the class of electrical stimulators. For the invention, which was well appreciated by foreign researchers, he received an honorary gold medal at a special exhibition in Brussels in 1977.
Conclusion
As a scientific mentor, A.V. Zavyalov began a large-scale selection of specialists in the field of clinical pharmacy, nurses with higher education, workers in the field of chemical and pharmaceutical production.Also, with the arrival of the Doctor of Medical Sciences, the Kursk Medical Educational Institution has undergone major changes. One of the most significant was that it turned from an institute into a university.He has trained six doctors of sciences and more than forty candidates. Such colossal achievements could not but be noted within the walls of a state institution, therefore, in 2011, according to the idea of architect-restorer Tretyakov S.V., a commemorative plaque was unveiled.By the decision of the Academic Council, the Department of Normal Physiology was named after Professor A.V. Zavyalov.

The article tells about the outstanding Soviet doctor and statesman Nikolai Alexandrovich Semashko, who created a unique healthcare system that provided free medical care for all citizens of the USSR. The article describes the principles and features of this system, as well as Semashko's contribution to the development of medicine and public life of the country. The purpose of writing the article: to show the importance of creating a healthcare system and Semashko's achievements in the field of medicine. The relevance lies in the following: Semashko's ideas remain significant today and influence the development of medicine in Russia and other countries of the world. Printed sources and electronic resources were used to write the article. Nikolay Semashko is a role model for the younger generation. Thanks to this brilliant doctor, medicine has reached a new stage, people have received free medical care, which has affected the reduction of mortality in the country. This is a doctor with a capital letter, who was able to instill in people care about their health and thus improve the economic and social situation in the USSR. In modern society, the healthcare system continues to develop, relying on the basis that this great man came up with.

Purpose:  describe the biography of Professor of medicine P.P. Lvov, the motivation for his choice of the profession of a doctor. To show his difficult path in achieving medical education, the main reasons and turning points in his professional activity that defined him as a remarkable military field surgeon and general surgeon, an outstanding maxillofacial surgeon, innovator, teacher, researcher and scientist. To show his achievements in medical practice, science and pedagogy. Relevance: the article reveals the continuity of generations in the medical profession, its science, pedagogy, practice, as an example for imitation, using the example of the biography of Pavel Pavlovich Lvov. The necessity of hard work for mastering the profession of a doctor is shown, an example when "beginners" in the medical profession, with their own work and talent, achieve professional heights, receive support from reputable scientists and practitioners, even in conditions of social catastrophe. The moral prestige of the medical profession is demonstrated as a guide for young people when choosing a life path. Methodology: An attempt to summarize and compare information about Professor P.P. Lvov, from the media, medical, special historical literature, the Internet and the family archive. Result: during the work on the article, confidence in the correctness of the choice of the future profession, pride in domestic medicine and its workers, the desire to justify kinship in the chosen field, confidence that the conscientious work of a doctor will always be rewarded with a good memory for many generations has increased. The confidence that such feelings will arise in the reader will make the choice of a future profession more conscious.

This article is about an amazing and interesting person Leila Namazova-Baranova. She is a scientist - pediatrician, pediatric allergist - immunologist, professor, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation. For this amazing woman, nothing is impossible, because in addition to her favorite profession, Leyla Namazova-Baranova is an excellent translator and journalist. The article provides information about the stages of the life path and the formation of Leyla Seymurovna as a doctor. Particular attention is paid to the work as a scientist - pediatrician. Leyla Namazova-Baranova made a huge contribution to the development of pediatrics, allergology and immunology. Currently, Leila Seymurovna is an Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation and an amazing practicing doctor, for whom children are the real meaning of life, the whole Universe and a grandiose future.

The article is devoted to the life of Georgy Fedorovich Sinyakov. Purpose: to tell the incredible story of the kindest soul of a man, a surgeon, a participant in the Great Patriotic War, and to remind people that we should not forget about those heroes, thanks to whom we can now smile, laugh, build careers and create families. Unfortunately, the past is gradually being forgotten. People are less and less interested in the exploits of their ancestors. But history is very important in everyone's life. It enriches us spiritually, plays a big role in the harmonious development of a person as a person. This is the relevance of this article. The surgeon made a huge contribution to the history of medicine, to the well-being of people's destinies during the Great Patriotic War. The article tells about the life of a doctor, how he got to the front, what he had to go through in difficult times, how he coped with the obstacles that arose in his way. Having gained the authority of the Germans, he helped the prisoners escape from the camp. He was a truly talented surgeon. Sinyakov knew exactly how he could help the patient. In the treatment, he used special ointments, the recipe of which he developed independently. After the end of the war, he moved to Chelyabinsk, where he worked as the head of the surgical department of the medical and sanitary unit. Until 1974, he was an assistant at the Department of Faculty Surgery at the Chelyabinsk Medical Institute. He was particularly modest and did not like to talk about his exploits, because heroes do not need fame. In conclusion, we would like to say that Georgy Fedorovich is truly a great man who saved the lives of thousands of people. Electronic resources were used to write the article.

This article is devoted to the achievements of contemporary doctors in the field of pediatric surgery. Relevance: every day thousands of doctors of our country save the lives of patients, doing it selflessly and with full dedication, so we need not only to turn to them for help, but also to publicize their exploits – to develop the traditions of medicine. Objective: to study interesting cases of children's operations performed in recent years in various hospitals in Russia. Materials: global Internet, electronic resources, news site "Arguments and Facts AIF.RU ". Methods: analysis of the fundamentals of the professional activity of surgeons, synthesis of conclusions, generalization of experience, comparison and other theoretical methods of research. Results: 3 operations of various specifics, conducted for the first time in Russia, are described, the talent and experience of professionals in their field are revealed, the significance of their contribution both to the life of their immediate patient and in the life of the entire population is shown. Conclusion: studying the information on this topic, we managed to make sure that there are many outstanding, intelligent and resourceful doctors around us, serving for the benefit of the people of the country, in the name of preserving children's life, not only using, but also multiplying the experience available in the history of medicine.

This article is devoted to the most significant periods in the formation and development of anesthesiology and resuscitation, as a separate medical discipline, in the light of the most important discoveries and inventions of Russian and Soviet doctors. Particular attention is paid to two Soviet medical scientists who changed the world: Vladimir Alexandrovich Negovsky, the largest pathophysiologist, creator of resuscitation, and Naum Lazarevich Gurvich, who was one of the founders of the scientific school for the study of the electrophysiology of the heart and nervous system. V.A. Negovsky is known to doctors all over the world. He deservedly bears the title of father of national resuscitation. He developed a new approach in the study of thanatology and extinction processes, where the main factor determining whether a person can survive or not is the brain. It is the degenerative processes that occur in the brain, due to hypoxia during cardiac arrest, that can lead to disability or death of the patient. V.A. Negovsky proved that only after the death of the brain can one speak of biological death. Another great scientist N.L. Gurvich studied the electrical activity of the brain and developed new methods for the treatment of nervous diseases. One of the most significant achievements of Gurvich was the creation of the first electroencephalograph in the USSR - a device for measuring the electrical activity of the brain, which made it possible to significantly improve the diagnosis and treatment of nervous diseases.

The paper deals with the relationship between intelligence and emotional burnout of healthcare workers as a psychological problem.

The aim of the work is to understand the relationship between a developed intellect and the ability to protect oneself from emotional burnout, which is especially important for healthcare workers. The paper provides examples of research by specialists and psychologists dealing with issues of emotional burnout. The relevance of the work is to investigate and understand the causes of emotional burnout for healthcare workers and ways to minimize the occurrence of the condition. In conclusion, the idea is given of further study of this problem, the search for the necessary preventive measures and overcoming this phenomenon through the development of emotional intellect.

This article is devoted to Kretova Galina Mikhailovna - an outstanding Voronezh doctor-oncologist of the VOVOKB No 1. Particular attention is paid to biographical data and achievements in medicine. It is known that the profession of a doctor is still considered prestigious and great and occupies an important place in the life of society. Many people from childhood decide to associate their entire future life with this profession. Galina Mikhailovna is no exception: she has shown interest in medicine since childhood and, thanks to her dedication, has achieved high results in her studies and medical practice. Her life path is a vivid example of the fact that for a successful career in medicine it is necessary to devote yourself fully to this profession. Analyzing her entire life path, we can say with confidence that for a person who wants to connect his future life with medicine, it is necessary to be completely immersed in the profession and give everything to his beloved work. One of the important tasks that G.M. Kretova is doing at present is the creation of individual treatment plans for cancer patients and direct interaction with VOKOD at the stage of monitoring combined and complex treatment. Her approach to medical and organizational activities in the field of oncology corresponds to the highest qualification category, which she has earned due to her professionalism and continuous professional development.

It is known that medicine is one of the most important and interesting aspects in human life. The issue of development of this sphere will always remain relevant. More and more young professionals are entering this profession. Often, a love of medicine is instilled from childhood. This can be fully done when the family has already had doctors who set the pace for the younger generation, forming and developing their own traditions and dynasties in the medical community. This article analyzes the formation of medical dynasties in the Belgorod region. The relevance of our study lies in the recognition and respect of previous generations of medical professionals by modern doctors and their desire to preserve and continue existing traditions and dynasties. The aim of this work is to systematize information about the medical dynasties of the Ilins - Polegenko, Fedulaevs - Moiseenko, Vernigorovs - Moiseenko, Based on the processed information, it can be argued that there has been a medical dynasty and the formation of several generations of doctors, as well as certain medical traditions in one family for almost a whole century.

This article is devoted to a brief overview of the development of children's homes in Voronezh and the Voronezh region. Purpose: to study the history of the formation of state assistance to orphans and children left without parental care. Relevance: children's homes are a big country of small citizens of our state with their tragedies, laws, and difficult destinies. Orphanages are being created in Russia with the support of the state for orphans and children left without parental care, where comprehensive medical, social and pedagogical assistance is provided to them. Children are brought up there from birth to 4 years old. On the territory of the Voronezh region there are: 1) since 1940, the Voronezh MUZ "Children's Home", currently the Voronezh Regional Specialized Children's Home, which is located at the address: Voronezh, Leningradskaya str., 132d.; 2) since 1943 - the Voronezh Regional Specialized Children's Home (GUZ "VOSDR"), is located at: Voronezh region, Voronezh (Somovo), Sukhumskaya str., 16.3) since 1943, the Pavlovsky Specialized Children's Home has been opened at the address: Voronezh region, Pavlovsk, Vorovsky str., 33. The state provides huge social support to orphans and children left without parental care. The invaluable contribution is made by medical workers, psychologists, educators and teachers who have devoted their lives to helping young citizens of our country.

This article deals with the relevance of microwave radiation, which is becoming more common and is found in many household and industrial devices. The impact of microwave radiation on the body can lead to various diseases, including cancer. Therefore, an urgent issue is to increase the body's resistance to microwave radiation. The experiences of domestic and foreign scientists are considered, which confirm that regular physical activity helps to strengthen the immune system, improve the functioning of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as accelerate metabolism. As a result of improved overall health, the human body becomes more resistant to the effects of microwave radiation. This article presents review of some sources on the importance of increasing the body's resistance to microwave radiation through systematic gymnastic exercises. A comparative study of the sensitivity of trained and untrained white mice to microwave radiation is considered. The features of increasing the body's endurance to a variety of pathogenic factors with the help of physical exercises have been studied.

The purpose of the study is: 1. To study the influence of physical training on resistance to microwave radiation. 2. Duration of radiation resistance after gym exercises. 3. Determination of methods that affect the body's resistance to radiation

This article is devoted to the dynasty of medical professionals of the Udovenko family living in the city of Pavlovsk, Voronezh region. Particular attention is paid to the founder of this dynasty - Udovenko Tatyana Tikhonovna. The biographical data of each member of this medical family and the path of their formation in the profession is described in detail. The article notes that, love for medicine is often instilled from childhood. This can be fully done when the family has already had doctors who have set the pace for the younger generation, forming and developing their own traditions and dynasties in the medical community. The relevance of this article lies in the recognition and respect of previous generations of medical professionals by modern doctors and their desire to preserve and continue existing traditions. It is known that the continuity of generations plays an important role in the creation of a future doctor personality and in developing professional skills. Using the example of this family, it is shown how the older generation helps the rest of the family members to choose the sphere of professional activity. Undoubtedly, the dynasties of doctors deserve special respect and close attention, because from generation to generation they contribute to the transfer of accumulated experience, knowledge gained and continuous improvement in the profession.

This article provides information about the outstanding cardiologist, professor, teacher of the Tambov State University Voronin Igor Mikhailovich, who devoted his whole life to scientific work and helping people. Particular attention is paid to his achievements in the field of science. It is noted that with his participation, for the first time in the region, operations of transvenous electrical destruction of the atrioventricular node with atrial fibrillation were performed. I.M. Voronin took an active part in organizing the departments of cardioreanimation and arrhythmology. He organized the only laboratory in the Central Chernozem region engaged in sleep research. Thanks to his labor activity, Voronin I.M.  was awarded the highest qualification category in the specialty "Cardiology", got the degree of doctor of medical sciences and the academic title of professor. Studying his biography and the stages of his life path, one can come to the conclusion that those who are sincerely in love and devoted to their profession, who are ready to receive new knowledge every day and wholly devote themselves to their profession, become real doctors.

Relevance: Nowadays, a doctor is a general specialist who knows the symptoms, knows how to properly examine, and also make a diagnosis. Medicine, as a science, is constantly developing, new diagnostic methods are being discovered, as well as ways to treat patients. The profession of a doctor was considered, and is still considered one of the most difficult professions. After all, modern doctors are constantly saving lives.
Purpose: to tell about the famous achievements of Russian scientists in the field of medicine at the turn of the second millennium.
Keywords: medicine, discovery, doctor, century, science
Methods: search, research
Medicine is the greatest science containing all the information about the human body.
Discovery is the acquisition of early knowledge that is not known to anyone.
A doctor is not a job, but a vocation, a person who is ready to devote his whole life to helping people.
A century is a period of progress.
Science is an activity focused on the development and systematization of knowledge about the activity.

The article presents the main historical milestones of the formation of pediatrics in Russia as a discipline and provides biographical information about the life, pedagogical, scientific activity and work of academicians-pediatricians of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and Lenin Prize laureates

In the second half of the 19th century, important events took place in the field of medical science and practice, which are considered a real breakthrough. The names of great medical scientists remained associated with these changes. One of these scientists was Stepan Fomich Khotovitsky (1796-1885), whose main scientific interests included obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, forensic medicine and medical police (hygiene), and infectious diseases. He is known as the first Russian pediatrician, one of the founders of the St. Petersburg pediatric school.

Relevance: the popular notion of the unsanitary conditions of the Middle Ages is challenged by looking at the existence of public baths, the use of soap and water, and the creation of sewer systems in some cities. By analyzing historical evidence and archaeological finds, the article seeks to provide a more accurate understanding of medieval hygiene practices and how they relate to our modern practices.
Purpose: dispel major misconceptions about hygiene practices in medieval Europe.
Methods: general methods of scientific research, analytical method.
Results: the data obtained shows that medieval Europeans were not completely ignorant of hygiene and developed various methods and ways of maintaining cleanliness and preventing diseases. The poem "The Romance of the Rose" deals with aspects of both enlightenment and the delusions of people of that time in matters of self-care. The article also explores how these results can help us evaluate the historical evolution of hygiene practices and examines the influence of cultural and economic factors on their development through numerous examples of the life and life of people of that time.
Conclusion: medieval Europe is rich in myths about its unsanitary conditions. Europeans understood the importance of cleanliness and personal hygiene, which contributed to her undeniable fight against infectious diseases.

A doctor’s profession in all times and in all countries is considered to be respected and honored. Doctor is an intelligent person, who never stops studying and strives to get new knowledge every day. [1] This article highlights the principal moments of the biography and professional activity of one of the outstanding pediatric surgeons Donetsk region Nikolay Leontievich Kushch. He was a great scientist, talented teacher, wonderful children’s surgeon, founder and organizer of pediatric surgery service in Donbass.