Vol 11 (2022): V ВСЕРОССИЙСКАЯ СТУДЕНЧЕСКАЯ НАУЧНАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ С МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫМ УЧАСТИЕМ «БЕРЕЧЬ И РАЗВИВАТЬ БЛАГОРОДНЫЕ ТРАДИЦИИ МЕДИЦИНЫ»: ВЕРНОСТЬ ПРОФЕССИИ В ИСТОРИИ МОЕЙ СТРАНЫ

Family professional dynasties are a special form of professional identity formation, where the formation of the image of a professional goes on for a long time, starting from childhood. Doctors brought up in such an environment are distinguished by high professionalism, commitment to the profession and conscientiousness in the performance of official duties. The article presents the history of a Saratov professional dynasty of doctors, numbering 4 generations of excellent specialists, masters of their craft. The founders of this medical dynasty were Naum Savelyevich Solun (1893 – 1987) and Emma Markovna Solun (1896 – 1974). The career of their daughters Mirra and Evgenia fell on a difficult time for the country, war and post-war. Sokolov's granddaughter Emma Evgenievna works at the Saratov Military Medical Institute as a doctor in the ultrasound room, and her great–granddaughter works at the State Healthcare Institution of Saratov City Clinical Hospital No. 5 as an endocrinologist. The medical dynasty began in 1919 and continues to the present. In total, there are 6 doctors in the dynasty, who not only helped a large number of people, but also contributed to the development of medical science in the Saratov region.

Relevance: it is important for modern doctors to know who stood at the origins of domestic medicine. The contribution to domestic medicine was made by such doctors and scientists as G.A. Zakharyin, N.K. Pirogov, N.K. Sklifosovsky and many others, one of whom is Nil Fedorovich Filatov, an outstanding Russian doctor, founder of the Russian pediatric school. Purpose: to reveal and show Filatov's contribution to domestic medicine. Materials and methods: to study Filatov's professional contribution to medicine with the help of reference books, articles, encyclopedias. Results. Nil Fedorovich Filatov was not only an outstanding doctor, but also a talented teacher, according to whose manuals and monographs, more than one generation of doctors grew up.
Conclusion. Nil Fedorovich Filatov made a huge contribution to Russian pediatrics. Thanks to his efforts, a full-fledged pediatric school was formed, and pediatrics became an independent clinical discipline.

The article deals with the final period of the development of ancient Greek culture,

its heyday, the era of Hellenism. The origin and development of medicine, its individual areas

and new terms of the Hellenistic period was a great contribution to every field of knowledge.

The culture of that era retained its influence for many years and has come down to our days.

The article is dedicated to the outstanding surgeon Ignaz Philipp Semmerweis. The article includes information found in printed sources about his origin, studies at prestigious gymnasiums and universities in Hungary and Austria, scientific, medical and teaching activities. He was repeatedly the first in history to perform specific surgical interventions noted in the professional literature: he was the first in Hungary to perform a successful ovariotomy and the second to perform a cesarean section. The maternity department headed by him in 1855 can be considered the predecessor of today's department of obstetrics and gynecology. A man of indomitable will and faith in his work, who saved a huge number of lives, I.F. Semmelweis rightfully received the well-deserved nickname "Savior of Mothers". Having gone through difficulties and misunderstanding of the world scientific community, Semmelweis was able to prove the need to use disinfectants in medicine. During his long life Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis became a real personification of medicine and left behind a huge legacy in the form of his works, which he wrote throughout his life. In 1969, the Medical University of Budapest was named after Professor Ignaz Philipp Semmerweis.

Russian philosophy has always differed from the views of the West and had a number of outstanding features. Russian Russian system of views evaluated existence differently, placing other accents and focusing on historiosophy and the "Russian idea". The approach of Russian philosophers to ontological and epistemological processes was also distinguished by the complexity of the approach to problems and the approach of the moral and moral plan. Often scientific and philosophical activities were intertwined with each other. As a result, many systems appeared on the border of several sciences, and it was precisely on the border of philosophy, medicine and religion that N.I. Pirogov's inventions were built. 

Relevance. Nowadays, it is no less important to study not only applied sciences that guide the practical activities of a doctor, but also something that contributes to the development of a worldview. The philosophical views of the great doctor will help modern figures to look more clearly at the products of Pirogov's scientific research.

Goal. To identify and systematize the philosophical views of Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov.

Materials and tools. Studies of the biographies of Nikolai Ivanovich through the works of scientific authors and the texts of Pirogov himself.

Results. The work done revealed the natural formation and changes in the philosophical views of Pirogov, who adheres primarily to religious views. Having passed the stages of materialism and positivism, Nikolai Ivanovich returned to religiosity, bringing some changes to his worldview.

Conclusion. Nikolai Pirogov, in addition to his impressive scientific work, had very extensive philosophical views.

This article is devoted to the life of Sergei Petrovich Botkin. Purpose: to study the life of S. P. Botkin, his achievements in medicine. The therapist has made a great contribution to the history of medicine. This article describes his life, special moments and the history of his career growth. He worked with patients both in the clinic and at home, laid the foundations of scientific clinical medicine, founded schools of therapists, organized the first clinical laboratory, published textbooks, organized resort trips to the Crimea. He is the founder of military field surgery. The hospitals are named after S. P. Botkin. Sergey Petrovich formulated the main tasks of medicine. He was distinguished by the ability to subtly diagnose the patient's condition, sought to find an individual approach to each patient. His methods of treatment are still used today. In conclusion, we can say that S.P. Botkin was and remains an outstanding person in the history of medicine. We are still witnessing the fruits of his teachings and discoveries. We are based on notes of medical histories that he made at the time. This is a huge contribution he made for us. Electronic resources were used to write the article.

Relevance. At present, in the era of powerful technological progress, digitalization, attachment to gadgets, instead of live communication of people with each other, there is a growing negative trend among the population of the whole world in solitude, indifference. In this regard, in modern life, there are fewer and fewer examples of positive, strong personalities who serve as a reason for equalization. GOAL. Show how important it is to be and remain humane in any situation, to love your profession and help patients regardless of race, religion, place of residence.Materials and methods. With the help of Internet resources, namely electronic articles, scientific publications, an analysis was made of the formation of L.M. Roshal's professional activity at different stages of his life path. In the process of preparation, theoretical research methods were used, such as the synthesis and analysis of scientific and journalistic literature on this topic. Results.The article shows the paternalistic model of the relationship between a doctor and a patient, the main principles of which are mercy, kindness, love for people and life.Conclusion.The profession of a doctor at all times has been one of the most sought after, so it is important to educate, instill, increase in the younger generation of medical students the qualities without which healing will not take place. As an example, it is important to look up to the famous Russian doctors, whose representative is L.M. Roshal.

Goal. To describe the loyalty of the profession by the example of the preservation of devotion to his work by S. Bogomolov in the pre-war, war and post-war time, to analyze the information received and summarize the result of the study.

Materials and methods. Study, systematization and analysis of the literature on the research topic.

Results. It was possible to form an idea that dedication to one's work is the quality of a person who is able to do his job regardless of the state of relations between social actors. Thus, Bogomolov S.A. is a model of dedication to his profession in the conditions of war and post-war time

Conclusions. Using the studied example, we see that Bogomolov S.A., in addition to accumulating experience in military operations, was able to introduce them into scientific research related to anesthesiology and leave his mark in the history of Russian science.

Relevance: The profession of a doctor is in demand in any society, it is one of the most difficult professions. This profession is suitable for those who like to help people. Since ancient times, the profession of a doctor has been considered one of the most prestigious. The help of doctors is sometimes invaluable, these people do a great job, saving the lives of adults and children.Purpose: to tell about the Voronezh State Medical University named after Nikolai Nikolaevich Burdenko. Tell about great people and about their contribution to medicine. Keywords: medicine, war, history, university, discovery.Methods: search, research.

Bakulev Alexander Nikolaevich - one of the founders of cardiovascular surgery, president of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. Organizer and first director of the Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery of the Academy of Medical Sciences (now named after Bakulev). He is the author of numerous works on lung surgery and the treatment of gunshot wounds.Bakulev developed his own method of treating traumatic brain injuries. In 1935, Bakulev was the first in the world to perform a heart operation, eliminating the fusion of the heart muscle with the heart sac. During the Second World War, Bakulev took the place of the chief surgeon of the reserve front and the sanitary department of the Kremlin. Alexander Nikolayevich is the author of more than 200 scientific papers in the field of medicine.Among them, works on the topic of heart and lung diseases, brain abscesses, and tumors stand out. His reports and books will be awarded the Lenin and State Prizes, the international award "Golden Scalpel", several orders and medals. At the end of his life, Bakulev devoted himself to heart disease. He was looking for ways to treat myocardial infarction and a number of other diseases in this area. 

Paradoxical as it may seem, but military conflicts contribute both to the impulse development of theoretical and practical medicine and to the manifestation of deep personal qualities of a person. For example, during the First World War, X-ray machines were widely used; in the Crimean War N.I. Pirogov developed the principles of military field surgery, which included sorting and evacuation of the wounded, proposed a plaster cast, and ether anesthesia. During the Great Patriotic War, the chief surgeon of the Red Army N.N. Burdenko introduced the widespread use of antibiotics, a special treatment for gas gangrene, and blood transfusion.

The revival of the Christian spirit of a vast country in the fight against the Nazi invaders contributed to the mobilization of the efforts of almost all people of all professions in the country of the Soviets. And, of course, the struggle for the life and health of wounded soldiers, who needed to be returned to duty as quickly as possible, inscribed numerous names of doctors, paramedics, nurses, sanitary instructors and orderlies in the history of our Motherland. Doctors in the war heroically performed their professional duty, often without sleep and rest for several days in a row, with massive influx of wounded, and someone even gave his life in the fight against brown plague. Women and girls worked equally with men. Do not count the feats of medical workers who were committed under the slogan: "Everything for the front, everything for victory!" These were truly miracles of dedication and service to people. The war not only left an unforgettable scar in the hearts of the living, but also gave an incredible experience and made it possible to make the greatest discoveries in medical science and practice. Purpose: to present the main achievements of national medicine during the Great Patriotic War. Materials: printed sources and Internet resources. Methods - search, analytical, descriptive.

Relevance: Acute intestinal infections among children are an urgent problem due to the prevalence and the role they play in the formation of gastrointestinal pathology. Acute intestinal infections are in second place in the structure of infectious morbidity and mortality of young children. The most frequent incidence occurs in the autumn and winter seasons.
The purpose of this article is to tell about the role of nursing staff in caring for children with acute intestinal infections and about the disease itself.
Keywords: acute intestinal infections, nursing, disease, nursing process.
Methods: search, research.

This article is devoted to the professional activity of the doctor of the Novousmansky district hospital Lyubov Anatolyevna Filina. The search for her business, stude at the medical institute, the path of becoming, as well as the daily work, responsibility and loyalty to the cause of Lyubov Anatolyevna inspire and motivate her family members to choose a profession, pave the way to the world of medicine. Research methods: the authors interviewed Lyubov Anatolyevna Filina, and also got acquainted with her work diaries. As a result, it was concluded that Lyubov Anatolyevna's life path inspired her loved ones and  determined the choice of their future profession. Such deep dedication to his work cannot leave anyone indifferent. L.A. Filina's profession was chosen by her daughters and granddaughter. Thus, grandmother founded a whole dynasty of Filin doctors, and children and grandchildren will continue her noble work - serving people for the benefit of their health.

This article examines the structural and functional characteristics of the heart - one of the most important organs of any living being. At the same time, attention is drawn to the history of the emergence of the science of the heart, which dates back to the time of the ancient Greek scientist and the "father of medicine" Aristotle. The theory of blood circulation is mentioned, which has become key for researchers to realize that the main role in this process is played by the heart – the center of blood circulation. One of the actual definitions of the concept of the heart is given and the structure of this organ is described. Important entertaining facts are presented that prove that the Latin expression perpetuum mobile - "perpetual motion machine", can be fully applicable to such an organ as the heart. It is considered why it is a living machine. In addition, the history of the formation and development of cardiac surgery is summarized – a science that allows to work on the elimination of various pathologies of the cardiovascular system, among which, for example, congenital heart disease, pulmonary artery valve atresia stands out. At the same time, emphasis is placed on the contribution made by domestic scientists in this field of medicine. The relevance of the work lies in the manifestation of increased interest in the study of the most important facts about the heart, indirectly proving the validity of applying the Latin winged expression perpetuum mobile to it, as well as to the history of medicine and the lives of outstanding cardiac surgeons who managed to change the world of surgery forever. The purpose of the study: to prove that the heart is really a "perpetual motion machine", as well as to study the history of the development of cardiac surgery. Educational, scientific and journalistic literature was used to write the work.

This article is dedicated to the memory of our remarkable doctor, the head of the regional phthisiatric service Sergey Vasilyevich  Kornienko, who had made an invaluable contribution to the prevention and non-proliferation of tuberculosis not only in Russia but also abroad. The article highlights the stages of the life path of S.V. Kornienko from a simple surgeon to the head of the regional phthisiatric service. Special attention is paid to the personal qualities of this person, and the reader's attention is drawn to the need to understand the importance of S.V. Kornienko's contribution to the development of medicine. This article is recommended for medical students, but and  for everyone who wants to know about contribution made by contemporaries in Russian medicine.

Abstract
The article focuses on the activities of N.I. Pirogov during the Crimean War, discusses his activities, innovations and discoveries.
Nowadays it is impossible not to agree with the idea that the medical sphere in our country is quite developed. It is especially important to know who contributed to this development. Many methods of treatment of patients, which are used even now, were developed in XIX-XX centuries. Therefore, it is important to know who was the discoverer (inventor, developer). This article is devoted to the activity of N.I. Pirogov, who made a significant contribution to Russian medicine.
The main goals and tasks of our work are:
- To get acquainted with the biography of N.I. Pirogov
- To consider Pirogov's achievements during the Crimean War in 1853-1856
- To study Pirogov's contribution and activities to the national medicine.

The article tells about a prominent scientist in the field of medicine, a doctor with a capital letter, an outstanding public figure, Natalia Konstantinovna Georgiou. She was devoted to her profession and devoted herself and her knowledge entirely to the development of medicine and helping people. In wartime and peacetime, N.K. Georgiou lived and worked to save people's lives. Methods of medical diagnostics and treatment of surgical diseases, developed by Professor N. K. Georgiou, entered the world of pediatric surgery.

Computed tomography is a relatively young diagnostic method. Although the idea of such a study was born about 150 years ago, the first official computed tomography was carried out only in 1972. CT is widely used for diagnostics in various fields of modern medicine, but it has turned out to be particularly relevant now - with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. In 1935, the Soviet scientist V. I. Feoktistov was able to mathematically substantiate I. Radon's algorithms and created a prototype of an apparatus for the layered study of organs. This is confirmed by the article "Theory of tomography", published under his signature in the journal "Bulletin of Radiology and Radiology" in 1938. Thanks to computed tomography, it has become possible to diagnose various pathologies with a high degree of reliability.

The article is dedicated to Academician Alexander Nikolaevich Bakulev, Hero of Socialist Labor, laureate of the Lenin and Stalin Prizes, Honored Scientist, deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, President of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. The relevance of the article lies in the significance of his achievements in the development of medicine in the USSR. The biography, information about education, participation in the First World War and medical activity during the Great Patriotic War are considered. The scientific works and monographs of Alexander Nikolaevich Bakulev are listed, with the help of which many doctors of the USSR became able to perform radical operations not only on the heart and blood vessels, but also on the lungs, spine, brain and spinal cord. During his medical career, the outstanding surgeon performed many completely new and daring operations. The treatment methods developed by A.N. Bakulev were successfully introduced into medical practice, and a huge number of people got a chance to recover. There is not a single area of modern cardiac surgery where Alexander Nikolaevich Bakulev or his students would not have left their contribution. He laid the strongest foundation for its development in the future. The research methods are empirical. Educational and scientific literature was used to write the article.

Relevance The position of women in medicine is one of the most pressing problems in society. Despite the fact that women have been working in the field of medicine for a long time, the role of men has always remained a priority. There are a lot of female doctors now and we don't even think about what a woman had to go through before to get this title.The purpose of this article is to consider the professional path, scientific activity of the first female doctor in RussiaMaterials and method For writing the article, biographical facts, professional path were studied with the help of literary heritage in working with reference books, encyclopedias, articles.As a result, in our work we have shown which way Varvara Aleksandrovna Kashevarova-Rudneva overcame to become the first woman to receive a medical education in Russia and a scientific degree.In conclusion, I would like to note that the professional qualities of a doctor are not determined by gender. A doctor should be humane, have extensive knowledge, have clinical thinking and constantly develop.

Purpose: To designate loyalty as an important priority in the profession, to give an example of the biography and life path of my family members. Methods: Search, research, survey method Results: Data collection, interviewing family relatives, providing information about the war, the exploits of the heroes of the Soviet Union, immersion in a terrible time
Conclusions: Based on the materials provided and the biography of my family members, loyalty to the profession is an important priority throughout my life.

In this article, after an analytical review of literature sources, the professional path of the first female doctor in the era of Tsarist Russia is highlighted. It briefly reflects her story and how far a person is willing to go in an effort to fulfill his dream. From the work we have proposed, you will be able to find out the personality of Nadezhda Prokofievna Suslova, the main points of her biography, interesting facts from her personal life and medical activity. The article will tell about the first and most important, the most significant works of the future doctor, such as, for example, "The change of skin sensations under the influence of electrical irritation", written by her in 1862, for which, as a young girl, Nadezhda applied electric wires to her skin and in her work described the magnitude of irritation; about her collaboration with Ivan Mikhailovich Sechenov's work on "lymphatic hearts of frogs", performed in the walls of the laboratory of the city of Graz. About a woman who stepped over the edge of what was allowed, who became a guide to the world of science for thousands of women and announced the beginning of a new era with her achievement. A woman who, after several years of effort, was presented with a laurel wreath with the inscription: "The first woman in Russia to be a doctor of medicine." The purpose of the article is to get acquainted with the life and medical activities of an outstanding man and the first female doctor in the Russian Empire. Methods: analytical review of literary sources and materials from the Internet- resources. Results: Based on the analysis, literary materials and Internet resources, they compiled a holistic picture of life and told about the medical activities of Nadezhda Prokofievna Suslova. Conclusion: Thus, Nadezhda Prokofievna Suslova earned the title of the first female doctor and doctor of medical sciences in Tsarist Russia by her striving for the goal of an unyielding character, which opened the doors not only to the medical profession, but also to the world of science for women and what we owe to her so far.

The article describes the difficult path of the formation of hemotransfusiology. Special attention is paid to the feat of A.M. Wolf, who was actually ahead of his time. Landmark stages and discoveries are also considered. To this day, hemotransfusiology remains a very important branch of medicine, saving a large number of lives. Every scientist and physician who has contributed to this science is worthy of respect and should not be forgotten. The first blood transfusion performed by Wolf would not have been possible without Blundell's discoveries, without Hotovitsky's participation. As well as the subsequent study and systematization would be impossible without the practical use of this method by doctors such as Andrey Martynovich. April 20, 2022 will be exactly 90 years since the first blood transfusion in Russia, so right now this topic is especially relevant. Blood transfusion has made possible a huge number of operations and interventions that have not been used before. Blood transfusions help to save people affected by accidents, catastrophes, but the primary reason for the desire to study this method was to save women in labor with copious blood loss, because otherwise they had no chance of survival.

Relevance. The article is devoted to the Yudenich dynasty, whose members studied and worked for several decades within the walls of the Smolensk State Medical Institute (SSMI). Brothers Vasily Alexandrovich and Nikolai Alexandrovich Yudenich both chose the profession of a doctor, studied at the medical faculty of Smolensk University and simultaneously graduated from it in 1925. But their scientific preferences diverged. Vasily Alexandrovich was interested in microbiology, and Nikolai Alexandrovich was attracted to normal physiology. They began to actively participate in the work of departments while still students, and later became their leaders. Each of the brothers made significant discoveries in their field, took part in the restoration of the Smolensk State Institute in the post-war period. Galina Vasilyevna Yudenich, daughter of Vasily Andreevich – a woman, being an 18-year-old girl, volunteered to join the Red Army at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, after the end of the war decided to follow in the footsteps of her father and uncle and entered the Smolensk State Medical Institute. After graduating with dignity, she entered the residency at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the SSMI. Subsequently, she successfully defended her dissertation for the degree of Candidate of Medical Sciences, and worked for many years at the department. The Yudenich family made a huge contribution to the development of science and the successful activities of the Smolensk State Medical Institute. The life path of each of the members of this family can serve as a role model among the younger generation of students of our university. The goal is to systematize the available information about the Yudenich family and preserve the memory of it as an excellent example of service to medicine. Materials and methods. Historical-genetic and problem-chronological research methods are used in the work. The funds of the Museum of History of the Smolensk State Medical University (SSMU), memoir and local history literature, periodicals were used. Results. In the process of work, the history of the life and activities of members of one of the most famous medical families in the history of SSMU is restored, the contribution of its individual members to the national science, education and practical healthcare of the Smolensk region is assessed.

The chosen topic is very relevant at the moment. Talking about venereology with young people, the authors were convinced that the modern generation, knowing about venereal diseases, does not really think about their consequences. But it is extremely necessary to know and understand the pathogenesis of diseases in this area, since this is directly related to the appearance and health of future children. An important place in this issue is occupied by sex education, which should be carried out, first of all, in the family before the onset of puberty of children, therefore parents should also be aware of sexual infections. By summarizing the information obtained, the authors concluded that the younger generation is more aware of HIV infection and hepatitis than of sexually transmitted infections. The purpose of the article is the desire to bring information about sexual infections, which occupy a leading position in the spread, their pathogenesis and prevention, the history of the emergence and development of dermatovenerology in Russia. Educational and scientific literature, interviews of medical workers, acquaintances and friends were used to write the article. The authors believe that the article will be useful and informative for its readers.

Purpose: to reveal the role of medicine in the war years.
Methods: search, research.
Results: Collecting data, providing information about the war, studying books and articles on this topic.
Conclusion: Medical staff made a very big contribution to the victory. At the front and in the rear, during the day and at night, they fought, in difficult conditions they saved the lives of millions of soldiers. Truly, our doctors were hardworking workers and heroes.

The article discusses the problems of providing care to cancer patients in small towns of Russia, as well as the path to the profession and professional activity of one of the doctors of the province Shulaev Vladimir Alexandrovich, oncologist of the highest qualification category, head of the Uryupinsk branch of the Volgograd Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary.

Nikolai Amosov is a genius of world medicine, a writer, an innovator, an inventor and a talented scientist who was ahead of his time. This is a man of the era, an outstanding surgeon, thanks to whom thousands of human lives were saved. It is difficult to overestimate his contribution to science.

The purpose of the study: to get acquainted with the influence of medical education on the formation of the personality of a student. Research methods: when working on this article, events and facts from my own life were used. Each person is a personality, each has an individual set of qualities that he receives throughout his life. Life experience and various situations in the process of growing up form new signs. An important stage of growing up is studying at an educational institution. These include medical colleges, universities, academies. As a result, it becomes clear that such education not only teaches a person, but also educates him. We study rather not even in order to work, but in order to live. A medical worker is not just a profession, but a way of life. This is a mindset that is very difficult to block with something. And all the traits that you get as a student – you collect them not only with your experience, but also with the vast experience of teachers.

This article examines the main stages of life and the main achievements in the scientific field of one of the outstanding doctors of his era - Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov , undoubtedly familiar in different circles of society . His achievements in the development of operative surgery were studied, as well as the contribution of N.I. Pirogov to the development of topographic anatomy, military field surgery and many achievements in other areas. N.I. Pirogov occupies one of the leading roles in the development of medicine, since he not only improved the existing methods, but also he found new ways of treatment . Over the years of his fruitful work, he saved a huge number of lives and enabled a new generation to continue on the road of healing. N.I. Pirogov stood out not only in the field of medicine and public education, but also was a highly moral person whose main meaning of life was to save as many people as possible. It was the human qualities that helped him overcome .

Relevance. Nestor Maksimovich Ambodik-Maksimovich, an outstanding Russian medical scientist who had a significant impact on the development of not only obstetrics in Russia, but also pediatrics. He is called the "father of Russian obstetrics", "professor of midwifery", for some time was the personal physician of Catherine the Great, and without having the status of a life doctor for such an activity.
Purpose: to reveal and show the contribution of Ambodik-Maksimovich in the formation and development of domestic healthcare.
Materials and methods: to study biographical facts, professional path with the help of literary heritage in working with reference books, encyclopedias, articles.

This article is devoted to a small part of the life of Nikolai Nilovich Burdenko. The article is relevant not only for students of medical universities, but also for any person in this world, because it reflects important and interesting moments from the life of the great Soviet surgeon – Nikolai Nilovich Burdenko. The purpose of this scientific work is to encourage people to study the life history of not only N.N.Burdenko, but also many other great doctors who have contributed to the development of medicine. The article examines the difficult path of the academician to the great and worthy profession of a doctor, as well as the people who participated in his activities, thanks to whom Nikolai Burdenko received a large amount of knowledge that was useful to him in future discoveries. The authors studied quite fascinating and memorable moments from the student life of a Soviet surgeon. The method of writing this article was a review of the literature devoted to the activities of Nikolai Nilovich Burdenko, the contribution of his observations and research to medicine. Based on the data obtained by the authors, interesting facts of the path of an outstanding doctor were revealed, which undoubtedly influenced his life and decisions.

Voronezh State Medical University has a rich history. Many talented, outstanding scientists and doctors were directly involved in the formation and development of the Institute. Before their eyes and with the help of their labors, an unshakable frigate of science was created, plowing the expanses of medicine. At the origins of the development of the pediatric school in Voronezh was Lev Davydovich Steinberg - a pediatrician, teacher, public figure, doctor of medical sciences, professor. The department of faculty pediatrics was organized in 1946. The first head of the department was Lev Davydovich. During the Great Patriotic War, he headed various pediatric departments of the Voronezh and Astrakhan institutes. He had many monographs, including those translated into European languages. Under his leadership, 6 candidate and 1 doctoral dissertations were defended. After himself, in memory of his descendants, Lev Davydovich left not only the richest library of works devoted to the study of various childhood diseases, such as rheumatism, tuberculosis, etc., but highly qualified specialists who are well versed in their field and who love the medical profession just as passionately as and he himself - his devoted and loving disciples.

The purpose of the study: to evaluate the contribution of doctors during military operations in the history of our country. Materials and methods: study of biographical data of doctors. Results:Fyodor Mikhailovich Mikhailov made a huge contribution to the victory over the Fascist invaders. His contribution to the common cause was invaluable. Before the beginning of the Second World War, he was a sailor on the warship "Nikolaev" of the training mine detachment of the Baltic Fleet, participated in the armed uprising in Petrograd and was noted in the battles against the troops of Yudenich. Also, the future medic took part in the storming of Fort Krasnaya Gorka and was even wounded there.Another example of the courage and heroism of doctors during the Great Patriotic War is Zinaida Mikhailovna Tusnolobova-Marchenko. She graduated from nursing school, and in 1942 was enlisted in the active army. In the first battles, the girl took 42 wounded soldiers out of the fire, for which she was awarded the Order of the Red Star. Despite her youth, Zinaida never made allowances for herself and went into battle on a par with men. She provided first aid to the victims on the spot, and also took them out of the battlefield and delivered them to hospitals. During 8 months of being at the front, Zinaida Tusnolobova-Marchenko saved 128 wounded officers and soldiers. Conclusions: Every day and every hour medicine is developing, and is not going to stop. New drugs are being developed, and old ones are being improved. Various studies are being conducted, experiments are being conducted. But in the history of mankind, situations continue to appear, thanks to which we understand that medicine must continue to develop. That is why at the present time the need for doctors has increased significantly. I want to believe that young doctors and future doctors who decided to link their lives with the treatment and rescue of people will have the same courage and loyalty to their profession as our ancestors. We hope that love will burn in their hearts, and their future profession will bring not only pleasure for them, but also benefit for all mankind. After all, as the great French thinker Paul de Kruis said, "Medicine is love, otherwise it costs nothing.".

Dynasties in labor activity have existed since ancient times, at the same time not all professions are able to go through the centuries and not lose their relevance. Continuity in medicine is a characteristic feature of society. However, there are lots of disagreements about the importance of sharing professional skills from generation to generation. The article discusses the duality of medical dynasties and  the impact of continuity on the behavior of representatives of the dynasty. At the same time, there are many medical families where medicine is not just a kind of activity, but the whole life. One of these dynasties is the Khaikin family. The total medical experience of which is 153 years. The professional formation of the representatives of the dynasty began within the walls of the Smolensk State Medical University and is inextricably linked with the work at the Smolensk Regional Clinical Hospital. Each member of this family is an important element of the medical dynasty, and medicine is not just a vocation, but also endless work, first of all, on themselves. The successors of dynasties should not forget about the importance of their own choice of life and professional path, the main idea of which is the possibility of full self-realization.

The first doctors of our region are considered to be the military, who treated workers and sailors building ships. Upon completion of the construction, the military doctors left Voronezh. The next stage of the resumption of medical activity in our region is associated with an outbreak of the plague, as a result of this, a hospital is being opened in the city. However, before the revolution, the population of the Voronezh province did not receive specialized medical care, medical personnel consisted mainly of zemstvo doctors. A great impetus in the development of regional medicine was the opening in 1931 of the medical institute, which arose on the basis of the medical faculty of VSU. The pages of the history of medicine of the city began to be filled with truly legendary names of outstanding doctors, including K.V. Fedyaevsky.

Relevance: Traumatic brain injury is one of the urgent problems of modern medicine. This is due to the fact that the incidence has increased, and the severity of injuries is higher than in other diseases, and high rates of traumatic brain injury make the problem of this injury one of the main among the population of any age.

The purpose of this article is to study the role of nursing staff in the care of patients with traumatic brain injury.Methods: scientific-theoretical, research results: data collection, provision of information on traumatic brain injuries, study of material on this topic.Conclusion: The nursing staff plays a primary role in preparing patients for various manipulations before surgical interventions, as well as assistance in carrying out various types of therapy for the speedy recovery of the patient. The main function of a nurse is the care and recovery of a patient after a period of treatment. It is worth noting that a nurse should take part in sanitary and educational work among the population to improve the condition and preserve the health of patients and people around them. The role, functions and organizational forms of nursing staff are changing in accordance with the new goals and objectives facing healthcare. Medical personnel need to

This article was created to observe the life of one of the greatest figures in such fields as medicine and religion – St. Luke of the Crimea. The problems that Valentin Feliksovich had to face during his life are still relevant, and his work has helped Russian medicine to move to a new level, especially operative surgery. Even nowadays, such works as "Essays on purulent surgery" and "Regional anesthesia" help young doctors and are considered to be the basis of some textbooks. As a result, in this work it was given a parallel between two spheres of life of this amazing man, namely his religious and medical activities. Even at the end of his life, his achievements were not cut short, but were passed on to descendants, who later became no less famous figures of medicine.

The relevance of the article lies in the information that tells about the well-known international organization Doctors Without Borders (Médecins Sans Frontières)

The purpose of the article is to show the history of the organization and the main points of its activities, to show a number of specific examples of its work in different countries. The article mentions the names of people who stood at the origins of the creation of the organization.  Geography and the range of activities of the "Doctors Without Borders" is quite wide. They work on all continents, often in hot spots, much more in countries with an underdeveloped health infrastructure. The organization cooperates with local systems of state institutions, conducting training activities for staff, with the aim of raising the level of the local health care system to world standards. Often, MSF works in emergencies or their aftermath, They provide essential healthcare assistance, participate in the rehabilitation of those in need, and lead the management of hospitals and clinics. Specialists perform surgeries, fight epidemics, run timely vaccination campaigns, run feeding centers for malnourished children, offer mental health care. Numerous well-deserved awards were also noted that the organization was awarded over the years of its active work, including the Nobel Peace Prize received in 1999 for humanitarian work and assistance to victims of natural and man-made disasters during armed conflicts.

Empirical research methods were used to write the article as well as some printed sources of educational, scientific, journalistic, dictionaries.Also the Internet were used.

In conclusion, we note the importance of the study for medical professionals, students and those who are interested in this topic.

The aim of the reasurch was to study the biography of the outstanding Russian doctor, talented surgeon and teacher Fyodor Ivanovich Inozemtsev, his professional development, who was interested in medicine, as well as the pedagogical aspects of educating young doctors. Among his students there were those who became famous doctors of Russia, for example I.M. Sechenov and N.V. Sklifosovsky. The outstanding contribution of F.I. Inozemtsev in surgery was the study of the use of anesthesia during surgical operations. He is known as a practitioner, who for the first time in Russia used anesthesia. Inozemtsev was a doctor by vocation and, together with colleagues and friends, the famous surgeon N.I. Pirogov and the founder of the Moscow school of physiology A.M. Filamafitsky, dealt with the issues of anesthesia during surgical operations. Subsequently, together with other doctors, they stood at the origins of the creation of the Moscow Society of Russian Doctors. The study is relevant and of interest to students of medicine, surgery, and those interested in the issues discussed.

To write the article we have used empirical research methods, printed sources of educational, scientific and journalistic literature, and the Internet sources .

The study is relevant and of interest to students of psychology, medicine and those interested in the issues discussed.

There have been many great and talented doctors in the history of Russian medicine: S. P. Botkin, N. I. Pirogov, I. I. Mechnikov, I. M. Sechenov and many others. Each of the Russian doctors has made a huge contribution to the development and formation of medicine. This article  cocerns an amazing man, Major of the medical service, Candidate of Medical Sciences Nikolai Ivanovich Mashtakov. He was not only a talented surgeon, but also a gifted artist, a good musician. Music was an integral part of his life. The article presents information about the stages of N.I. Mashtakov's life path and formation as a doctor. Special attention is paid to the work in the pre-war period and the period during the Great Patriotic War in the city of Podolsk. He had made a huge contribution to the development of healthcare in this city. The name of Nikolai Ivanovich is immortalized in the name of the street. This article is dedicated to the 130th anniversary of the outstanding Russian Soviet surgeon, Honored Doctor of the RSFSR and honorary resident of Podolsk.

This article is devoted to the life of a brilliant specialist Vladimir Alekseevich Porkhanov and his achievements, which has brought the Russian medicine to a new higher level. The article describes the stages of Vladimir Alekseevich formation as a doctor, his life path, from childhood to the present. Special attention is paid to his active scientific, educational and practical activities in the field of thoracic surgery. V.A. Porkhanov has made a huge contribution to the creation of new methods of treatment and diagnosis of chest diseases. Currently, he works as a chief physician and performs successful surgical operations at the Krasnodar Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1 named after Professor Ochapovsky. The information presented in the article is interesting to students of medical universities and anyone involved in the achievements of Russian medicine.

This article is devoted to the famous scientist, professor, teacher, successor of the  dentist’s dynasty, Anatoly Abramovich Kunin, his life path, becoming an outstanding specialist, achievements and recognition not only in Russia but also abroad. It is known that Anatoly Abramovich made a huge contribution to the development of dentistry, so for the first time in Russia he proposed a method for studying the epithelium, which is based on the use of glycogen and nucleic acids.

It should be noted that this method has become a great step both for further research in this area and for the professional activity of the author. The results of scientific research, achieved under the guidance of Professor A.A. Kunin, in 2004 made it possible to win a grant project of the European Commission "Tempus-Tacis" in the field of quality management in dentistry.

The article deals with the discoverer, doctor, multi-talented scientist, Alexander Alexandrovich Bogdanov. He was a philosopher and economist, a writer and a politician, was fond of chess, was the editor of a new Russian translation of K. Marx's "Capital", but devoted himself entirely to blood transfusion operations and the world's first blood transfusion institute, made a great contribution to the development of medicine.

The profession of a doctor is undoubtedly one of the most difficult in the world. After all, a real professional should have a great amount of information, should be able to diagnose  diseases quickly and accurately, see even the most insignificant disease, and, of course, a doctor has a huge responsibility for the life of his patient, because only a doctor can help him heal. However, despite all these difficulties, there are a significant number of doctors around the world who have made a huge contribution to the development of medicine. One of such professionals is Nikolai Nikolaevich Blokhin.

Purpose of the study. Is to show how psychology considers the deviation, called "change of personality, character", as well as the study of the subtle facets of the variability of character depending on the circumstances. Both changes in the course of communication with other people and as a result of mental and physical trauma are considered. The former can be called a special form of mobility, but they can also lead to serious consequences. In the course of acquiring various personal qualities from other individuals, a person loses his own. The normal perception of one's own Self disappears, as a person always considers himself through the prism of the opinions of others. There is a typical loss of individuality. The device of the personality is a rather thin structure, which is why such a destruction of its integrity can be fatal. So why did Chekhov call the story "Chameleon"? The book hints at the specificity of the described situation. Thus, considering a single case, Chekhov projects it onto the whole society, saying that all people are the same unprincipled chameleons, adapting to any situation in order to ensure their safety. Essence: about what? In our study, we are trying to explain the subtle facets of human psychology opportunism, which the great Russian writer brilliantly explains using the example of the story "Chameleon". Research methods. Empirical research methods were used to write the article. Some printed sources of educational, scientific, journalistic, fiction, dictionaries and the Internet were also used for that purpose.Conclusions. indicate that the study is relevant and of interest to students of psychology, medicine and those interested in the issues discussed and literature.

The article discusses a method of treatment for cerebral stroke, unique in the middle of the 20th century, by the famous marshal G.K. Zhukov. For more than half a century, data about it were classified, since the method of treatment was not registered anywhere and little studied. However, more recently, information on this subject has been made public. Academician Yevgeny Chazov, the head of the Central Clinical Hospital, later Minister of Health of the USSR, helped then the great commander Georgy Konstantinovich. I must say that everything went well. Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov was saved.

The article is about a speech with capital letters, the doctor is the hero of his time, Konstantin Konstantinovich Sokolov. He was devoted to his profession and devoted himself entirely to healing ordinary people. From the first days of his life in the village, he became a doctor-healer, sought to help other peasants overcome the darkness of ignorance, to open before them, an enlightened world, a different, meaningful life. In wartime and world times, K. K. Sokolov lived and worked for the people.

In this article we are talking about such a type of anxiety disorder as a phobia, general concepts about a phobia, its types, what doctors think about phobias, whether it is possible to completely recover from one's phobia.The main types of phobias are presented and analyzed, such as agoraphobia, social phobia, specific phobias. In our study, a survey was also conducted among students, in which 149 people, 42 men and 107 women, took part, who answered the main questions regarding phobias. In the conclusion of the article it is said that most of the phobias come to us from childhood, but a certain part of them is acquired at a more conscious age, phobias are strikingly different in the elderly and children. The article offers methods of self-help and relaxation in the initial stages of panic. However, despite self-treatment, it is always better to contact a psychologist for professional help. Research methods. Empirical research methods were used to write the article. Also printed sources of educational, scientific, journalistic, fiction, dictionaries and the Internet were used.Conclusions indicate that the study is relevant and of interest to students of psychology, medicine and those interested in the considered issues of psychology.

In 2022, the 350th anniversary of the birth of Peter I is celebrated. This work highlights the processes of Peter I's transformative activity, which affected medicine, sanitation, military affairs and science. Such personalities as Peter Alekseevich are remembered as great. During his reign, Peter Alekseevich sent many expeditions to the Urals and Asia, which explored and mastered the riches of Russia. He also conquered the western borders of the country and reached the shores of the Baltic Sea - "cut a window to Europe." He studied European languages, concluded trade and peace alliances, introduced European laws on the territory of Russia, personally studied many professions and even participated in the construction of the first Russian fleet. "Considering the great importance of Peter I's reforms for the history of Russia and in connection with the 350th anniversary of his birth in 2022, I decide to accept the proposal of the Government of the Russian Federation to celebrate the 350th anniversary of Peter I's birth in 2022," reads the decree signed by the President of the Russian Federation.