The role of the nursing process in improving the quality of life of children suffering from bronchial asthma

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Introduction. Bronchial asthma (BA) in childhood is one of the most common allergic diseases. Currently, the number of children who have the onset of the disease at an early age is growing [1]. In addition, scientists around the world note a trend towards an increase in the incidence of bronchial asthma in children and its more severe course [2]. Constant attention to the problem of asthma is also due to the fact that with insufficiently effective treatment and frequent exacerbations of the disease, the quality of life of patients decreases, limiting their life activities [3]. Particular attention to the problem of asthma is also due to the fact that with insufficiently effective treatment and frequent exacerbations of the disease, the quality of life of patients decreases, limiting their life activities. Proper organization of the nursing process when providing assistance to parents whose children have asthma can improve the quality of life of patients.
Goal of the work. To analyze the awareness of parents about the principles of first aid during attacks of bronchial asthma in children and to analyze the features of the work of a nurse when providing first aid during an attack of bronchial asthma in children.
Materials and methods of research. As a study, a survey was conducted among parents whose children suffer from bronchial asthma. It was mandatory to obtain their consent to participate in the study. The subjects were asked to anonymously and voluntarily fill out a questionnaire developed by the author. The selection of interviewed parents was carried out using a random sampling method.
Statistical processing was carried out in the Statistica 10.0 program.
Research results. 45 subjects took part in the study: 26 boys and 19 girls. As a result, we can conclude that boys suffer from asthma more often than girls. To the question “Age of your child,” the answers were distributed as follows: children from 0 to 3 years old were not included in the sample of this survey, the incidence of asthma from 3 to 5 years old is only 4.35% (19 children), from 10 to 18 years old - 21.74% (10 children), from 6 to 10 years old - 73.91% (33 children). Based on this, it can be understood that among children of early childhood there are practically no patients with asthma; not a single case was registered in our survey. Children from 3 to 5 also rarely suffer from asthma, and in children aged 6 to 10 this disease occurs quite often.
In order to determine the dynamics of the heredity of asthma, the question was asked: “Does your child have relatives with asthma?” The answers were distributed as follows: “parents are sick” - 17.39% (8 people), brothers/sisters - 26.09% (12 people), grandparents - 56.52% (25 people), no one is sick - 0%. Thus, one of the important factors in the occurrence of asthma is heredity (the disease is often transmitted through generations).
The causes of asthma were analyzed. This survey showed that the most common cause of its occurrence is food allergens - 44.4% (20 children), a reaction to house dust is also common - 20.0% (9 children) and pet hair - 11.1% (5 people). In addition, the development of deterioration of the condition is provoked by physical and emotional stress in 6.6% (3 children), respectively. The use of household chemicals, which usually have a strong odor, can also provoke asthma. In our study, this was recorded in 4.4% (2 children). The most rare causes were the following: viral infections, gastroesophageal, medications – 2.2% each (1 person). From this we can conclude that one of the most common causes of asthma are food allergens and house dust.
To the question “What symptoms occur during an attack of asthma?”, respondents answered as follows: an attack of asthma begins with shortness of breath - 44.4% (20 people), cough - 35.5% (16 people) and suffocation - 15.5% can be distinguished at approximately the same level of occurrence. (7 people). A rare manifestation is a feeling of chest congestion – 4.4% (2 people). Thus, we can conclude that the most common symptoms of an asthma attack are shortness of breath and cough.
The question “Do you have first aid skills for an asthma attack?” was quite important. The answers were distributed as follows: 86.96% (39 people) answered that they own, and 13.04% (6 people) answered that they do not own. Based on the results, we can conclude that the majority of respondents have first aid skills for an attack of asthma in children.
When asked about knowledge of drugs that control an asthma attack, the answers were distributed as follows: inhaled glucocorticosteroids and short-acting β2-agonists are used by 82.6% (37 respondents), and only short-acting β2-agonists are used by 13.0% (6 respondents), only 4.4% (2 respondents) They don’t know what drugs stop an asthma attack. Based on these results, we can conclude that most often, inhaled glucocorticosteroids and short-acting β2-agonists are used in combination to relieve asthma attacks. Lack of knowledge of drugs that stop an attack of asthma is an isolated case and is

About the authors

Yulia Andreevna Nokhrina

Voronezh State Medical University N.N. Burdenko

Email: ulianohrina31@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0006-7468-2309

student of the Institute of Nursing Education, group SSD-204

Russian Federation, 394036, Russia, Voronezh, Studencheskaya st., 10

Natalia Mikhailovna Semynina

Voronezh State Medical University N.N. Burdenko

Author for correspondence.
Email: natala-sem@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8763-0587

Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor,  Department of Organization of Nursing

Russian Federation, 394036, Russia, Voronezh, st. Studencheskaya, 10

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