LIFE and WORK OF A DOCTOR, SCIENTIST V.N. VINOGRADOV

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The "Doctors' case" is known in history as a high-profile political trial under I.V. Stalin. The participants in the criminal case were well-known Soviet doctors who were accused of plotting and murdering a number of Soviet leaders. Vladimir Nikitich Vinogradov, an outstanding internist, founder of the clinical school, personal physician of Joseph Stalin, became one of the main defendants.
V.N. Vinogradov was born in Yelets in 1882 in the family of merchant Nikita Antonovich Vinogradov and his wife Maria Mikhailovna. In 1901, after graduating from the gymnasium, Vladimir Vinogradov became a student of the medical faculty of Moscow University. While studying at the 3rd year, in 1904 he volunteered for the Russian-Japanese War, where he served as a paramedic. He not only saved the wounded, but also took a direct part in the battles. For his bravery and courage, he was awarded the St. George Cross of the 4th degree.
Returning to Moscow, V.N. Vinogradov graduated from the Medical Faculty of Moscow University in 1907 he graduated from the Medical Faculty of Moscow University with a red diploma. Here he also began to work as a resident, and then as an assistant to Professor L. E. Golubinin. Since the twenties of the XX century, Vladimir Nikitich worked as a doctor at the Kremlin hospital and at the same time did not forget about scientific work. Vinogradov devoted his research to topical health issues.
From 1929 to 1942 Vinogradov V.N. was the head of the departments of propaedeutic therapy and faculty therapy of the 2nd Moscow Medical Institute. From 1943 until the end of his life he was the head of the Department of Faculty Therapy of the 1st Moscow Medical Institute. Vinogradov was the supervisor of a number of doctoral and PhD theses. He was one of the first to apply innovative research for his time: bronchoscopy, gastroscopy, cardiac catheterization, vectorelectrocardiography.
In 1944 Vinogradov was elected a full member (academician) of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. In 1949, he was appointed chairman of the All-Union Therapeutic Society, editor of the journal "Therapeutic Archive".
Since 1934, V. N. Vinogradov was the chief therapist of the medical and sanitary administration of the Kremlin and the personal physician of I. V. Stalin.
In 1952, Vinogradov discovered Stalin's rapidly progressing atherosclerosis and advised him to abandon active political activity and observe a strict rest regime. The leader of the people perceived this as an attempt to remove him from power. After that, Stalin stopped using the services of Vladimir Nikitich, and on November 4, 1952, arrested him on a fabricated "doctors' case".
And only with the death of Stalin on March 5, 1953, the process of persecution of doctors was stopped. After his release, the talented scientist and doctor returned to work in the clinic and at the department.
V.N. Vinogradov was a wonderful clinician and a unique teacher. In the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, he used the progressive research of that time. He dealt with the most pressing issues of medicine. He was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the award of the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal.
In the 1930s, V.N. Vinogradov introduced gastroscopy and bronchoscopy into therapeutic practice. During the Great Patriotic War, he studied and put into practice methods of treating tuberculosis, nephritis, sepsis, rheumatism, liver and gastrointestinal tract diseases, hypertension, myocardial infarction, studied the problem of wound dystrophy and the treatment of penetrating chest wounds. In the post-war years, he introduced methods of radioisotope diagnostics in the treatment of diseases of the thyroid gland and organs of the hematopoiesis system.
In 1969, for the effective study and organization of treatment of patients with myocardial infarction, he was posthumously awarded the USSR State Prize.

About the authors

Alina Valeryevna Bogatikova

Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko

Author for correspondence.
Email: albogatikova2004@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4217-831X
Russian Federation, 10 Studentskaya str., Voronezh, 394036, Russia

Olga Vasilyevna Makhinova

Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko

Email: mahinovaolga@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1799-6361
Russian Federation, 10 Studentskaya str., Voronezh, 394036, Russia

Diana Anatolyevna Povalyukhina

Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko

Email: pov-diana@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7308-1396
Russian Federation, 10 Studentskaya str., Voronezh, 394036, Russia

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