ANALYSIS OF AWARENESS OF THE POPULATION ABOUT MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND THE ROLE OF NURSING CARE IN IT

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title
ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC AWARENESS ABOUT MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND THE ROLE OF NURSING CARE IN IT

relevance
Myocardial infarction is the most serious complication of cardiovascular diseases, and the quality of medical care determines the effectiveness of treatment and rehabilitation of this group of patients.

The increase in morbidity in recent years, along with severe consequences, indicates the great social significance of this pathology. Myocardial infarction is acute myocardial necrosis, which usually occurs as a result of persistent circulatory disorders due to thrombosis caused by an atherosclerotic plaque or a sharp narrowing of the lumen of atherosclerotic vessels (more than 75% of the lumen). This disease is one of the most important not only in our country, but also all over the world, especially in developed countries.

Every year, more than a million Russians die from cardiovascular diseases, of which 634,000 people are diagnosed with myocardial infarction. According to statistics from the Russian Heart Research Center, over the past 14 years, mortality from cardiovascular diseases has increased by 82% in the age group of 20-22 years and by 63% in the age group of 32-35 years. Therefore, it is very important to know the symptoms of myocardial infarction, be able to provide first aid and plan care for such patients.

purpose
To study the awareness of the population about myocardial infarction, to evaluate the role of the nurse in myocardial infarction.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The methods of survey (questionnaire) and statistical processing of the results were used in the work. In total, 20 questions were included in the questionnaire, which most clearly give an idea of the level of awareness of the population about myocardial infarction and the role of nursing care. The study was conducted in 2022 on the basis of polyclinics and hospitals in Voronezh, as well as on the basis of the Voronezh State Medical University. N.N. Burdenko. 50 people aged 17 to 40 years took part in the survey.

results
According to the survey, it turned out that the majority (76%) believe that obesity is the cause of them, the following factors were also often indicated:

Stress – 50%
Increased blood pressure -48%,
Smoking -36%
Heredity-28%
Frequent alcohol consumption – 26%.
The results of the survey showed that the most common symptoms of myocardial infarction are:

chest pain – 80%
lack of air - 52%
weakness, malaise – 48%
pallor of the skin -20%
loss of consciousness -14%.
The survey showed that many people know about first aid measures for MI. More often indicated:

take the "sitting / lying" position - 98%,
unbutton the collar, open the windows – 86%;
put a nitroglycerin tablet under the tongue (you can repeat the reception every 5 minutes, but no more than 3 times)- 50%
you can take a crushed aspirin tablet – 46%;
measure blood pressure -40%.
The survey data indicate that the majority (64%) have an idea about the complications of MI, often indicated the following:

hypertension or hypotension -50%
cardiac arrhythmias - 40%
thrombosis -26%.
A significant part of the respondents showed good knowledge about the regime at IM:

Strict bed rest – 40%,
Bed rest, side turns - 30%
Semi–bed rest - 10%.
Almost all respondents (96%) consider nursing care with MI an important component of successful treatment. According to the survey, nursing care at IM includes:

give the patient nitroglycerin / medications - 56%,
help to take a half-sitting position or lay the patient, providing him with complete physical and mental rest–48%,
provide physiological functions - 38%,
follow the diet - 36%.
The knowledge of the population is aware of the observance of the diet when it can be assessed as satisfactory:

follow a diet close to vegetarian - 48%
reduction of energy value – 20%,
restriction of salt – 20%,
restriction of liquid – 18%,
digestive system sparing-6%.
The survey data showed that less than 50% of respondents have a concept of lifestyle with MI, among the assumptions prevailed:

a diet with a predominance of plant foods-56%
regular physical activity - 40%
regular medication – 28%,
observation by a specialist doctor-30%.
The survey showed that many (70%) doubt that after THEY can do physical activity, however, some suggested that physical education classes:

improve the motor functions of the body -24%,
improve metabolism - 16%
discussion
The results of the survey showed that the awareness of the population about myocardial infarction, the role of nursing care is good, but the awareness about first aid for MI, the peculiarities of diet and physical activity is insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the level of knowledge of the population about first aid for MI, because it can save a person's life. In addition, it is necessary to show the importance of diet and exercise in MI, otherwise care disorders can lead to a deterioration in the prognosis for MI, slowing down the pace of rehabilitation and work capacity.

conclusion
Knowledge of the first signs is very important for them, but the ability to provide first aid with it is no less important. Unfortunately, not many people know that it is important for THEM to control blood pressure, call an ambulance in a timely manner, give nitroglycerin, aspirin and ensure rest. However, these simple manipulations can save the patient's life, wait for the arrival of an ambulance and then – qualified help. It is important to follow medical appointments, but it is equally important to organize nursing care. Creating peace and comfortable conditions will facilitate the psychoemotional state of the patient, accelerate recovery.

To recover after a myocardial infarction, it is necessary to strictly follow the doctor's recommendations on maintaining a healthy lifestyle, taking medications, avoiding emotional stress and excessive physical exertion. Diet and cholesterol control are important components of a healthy heart for any person, but more so for a person who has suffered a heart attack. The diet should include more fruits and vegetables, more fish, reduce the intake of liquids, animal fats, alcohol and salt.

In addition, absolutely everyone needs regular physical activity. Depending on how much time has passed after a heart attack, physical activity should be different. From the very first day, it is extremely important to perform light exercises that do not require getting out of bed – breathing exercises, exercises on the bed in the form of raising arms and legs that do not cause excessive fatigue. All these classes in the hospital with the patient are conducted by a special group of rehabilitation doctors, specialists in physical therapy, functional diagnostics, physical therapy, reflexology, manual therapists and other specialists.

An integrated approach to your health will allow you to avoid or minimize the risk of MI.

About the authors

Daria Sergeevna Nikulina

Author for correspondence.
Email: nikulina.avgustina2415@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8539-9406
Russian Federation, 394024 Russia, g. Voronezh, St. Studencheskaya, 10

References