Training of patients with hypertension in the school of health

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Currently, the topic of GB is relevant. Among diseases of the cardiovascular system, it occupies a special place, leading to serious complications (CHD, brain stroke, etc.), and they in turn lead to serious complications and even death.According to the who, this disease affects 20-30% of the adult population. In the Lipetsk region in 2019, hypertension was detected in 51.9% of women and 48.1% of men. With age, the prevalence of the disease increases and reaches 50-65% in people over 65 years of age.According to statistics, primary treatment for diseases of the circulatory system is steadily increasing in Russia. Over the past 13 years, it has grown 2 times - from 1044 to 2113 cases per 100 thousand population. In our country, the situation is compounded by the fact that only 37% of men and 58% of women are informed about their disease, and only 21% and 46% of them are treated. In our city, the number of patients with hypertension increases every year. Favorable success in the treatment and prevention of hypertension can be achieved if the patient has a clear understanding of their disease, is able to independently control the course of the disease and meaningfully follow the recommendations of the attending physician to change their lifestyle.Raising awareness about hypertension, improving the patient's quality of life, and gaining practical skills in the prevention and treatment of the disease.The following methods were used in the study: bibliographic analysis of literature, questionnaires, it allows you to determine the knowledge about GB among the population and solve situational problems in order to understand how much patients have learned the theoretical and practical knowledge.The study was conducted in two clinics in Lipetsk (GUZ Lipetsk city polyclinic No. 4 and GUZ Lipetsk city polyclinic No. 1). Patients who suffer from GB and do not follow the doctor's recommendations due to lack of knowledge were recommended to attend health schools.The study lasted from September 2019 to February 2020. Each group of students was 20 people. The course of classes at the school consisted of 5 classes of 90 minutes with a frequency of 1 time per week.Classes at the school of health consisted of two basics: theoretical and practical employment 1. What do you need to know about hypertension?An initial survey was conducted to identify patients ' knowledge of the disease. During the theoretical part of the lesson, patients learned what GB is, got acquainted with risk factors, got acquainted with the definition of blood PRESSURE, pulse, and indicators of these values. In the practical part, patients were taught to use a blood pressure monitor and independently measure blood PRESSURE and pulse.Lesson 2. Healthy eating. What should a patient know about nutrition for hypertension?During the theoretical part of the lesson, the patients were introduced to diet No. 10. Explained about the need to comply with the diet. We studied the features of nutrition in GB and the features of nutrition in excess body weight. In the practical part, patients learned how to make their own daily diet.Lesson 3. Physical activity and health.The theoretical part of the lesson included questions such as: what is physical activity and fitness? What is the goal of increasing physical activity? Types of physical training. In the practical part, we discussed the types of exercises and the correctness of their implementation with patients.Lesson 4. Stress and healththe theoretical part of the lesson was analyzed: what is "stress". Source of stress. The impact of stress on human health. The body's response to stress. Controlled and unmanageable aggressors. In the practical part, patients solved situational problems that were aimed at getting out of various stressful situations.Lesson 5. Medical treatment of hypertension.In the theoretical part of the lesson, we analyzed what determines the effectiveness of hypertension treatment, non-drug and drug treatment of hypertension. In the practical part, a survey was conducted on the knowledge gained during the course of classes at the school of health.I was directly involved in teaching patients at the school of health, selecting material for testing and developing recommendations for the prevention of GB in the form of a booklet. She taught the technique of measuring blood PRESSURE and pulse. The classes involved patients aged 50-65 years with a female predominance and a diagnosis of grade II GB.240 patients were trained at the school of health. Who had problems related to a lack of knowledge about the disease. Someone had a lack of blood PRESSURE control, someone experienced constant stress and because of this, these patients had a persistent increase in blood PRESSURE. Most patients were unaware that nutrition also plays a large and significant role in GB.By the end of their studies at the school of health, patients had improved their knowledge of GB, risk factors and ways to eliminate them, and acquired practical skills. however, it should be noted that not all patients received full knowledge, some of them (10%) did not understand the severity of the problem.Based on the results of the initial survey of patients, the following results were revealed: out of 240 (100%) people who came to take the course did not have knowledge about GB and prevention measures, 180 (75%), and 60 (25%) patients had sufficient knowledge about the disease, but did not follow prevention measures.At the end of each cycle of classes, a repeated survey was conducted to understand how well our patients learned the material obtained in theoretical classes and practical self-control skills. Based on the results of the survey, I concluded that out of 240 people (100%), 127 patients (53%) had stable blood PRESSURE; in 108 patients (45%), in addition to stabilizing blood PRESSURE, the number of drugs consumed was reduced; and in 5 patients (2%), we did not see any positive dynamics due to non-compliance with the recommendations for the prevention of the disease.During this work, I noticed the following health benefits::1)The atmosphere of the team was created, the feeling of fear of the disease was removed from the patients.2) in the group discussion, the principles and techniques for changing the way of life were invented.3) the Effectiveness of education in schools is increased mainly through the exchange of knowledge and experience between patients and specialists.In my opinion there are no shortcomings in schools, employees are conscientious about their duties and wish patients good health.I believe that in this way the attitude of people to each other plays an important role in the course of the disease.In the course of my research work:- analyzed the state of health of patients in Lipetsk-appreciated risk factors for GB recommendations are given for prevention and self-control in GB-developed skills in measuring blood pressure and pulse-developed guidelines for the prevention of disease in the form of balletomania patients in the school of health helped to lower and stabilize AD, and 25% were able to reduce the number of used drugs.P.s. if appropriate preventive measures are carried out in a timely and correct manner: daily monitoring of blood PRESSURE and pulse readings, compliance with the regime and diet, abstinence from alcohol and Smoking, physical activity,normalization of excess body weight, it is possible to reduce the number of patients suffering from GB and reduce the number of medications used.

About the authors

Angelina Sergeevna Fokina

Author for correspondence.
Email: fas1609@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7015-8503